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ABOUT THE AUTHOR

M Laxmikanth obtained his postgraduate degree in Political

Science from Osmania University in 1989. He is the former

founder and director of an erstwhile coaching institute called

Laxmikanth’s IAS Academy, Hyderabad. Other books authored by

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For Civil Services and Other State

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Sixth Edition

M Laxmikanth

Former Founder-Director

Laxmikanth’s IAS Academy (Closed)

Hyderabad

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Published by McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

444/1, Sri Ekambara Naicker Industrial Estate, Alapakkam, Porur, Chennai -

600 116

Indian Polity, 6/e

Copyright © 2020, 2017, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2004, McGraw Hill Education

(India) Private Limited.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or

by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or

otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior

written permission of the publishers. The program listings (if any) may be

entered, stored and executed in a computer system, but they may not be

reproduced for publication.

This edition can be exported from India only by the publishers,

McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7101351 23 22 21 20 19

Printed and bound in India

ISBN (13): 978-93-89538-47-2

ISBN (10): 93-89538-47-5

Information contained in this work has been obtained by McGraw Hill

Education (India), from sources believed to be reliable. However, neither

McGraw Hill Education (India) nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or

completeness of any information published herein, and neither McGraw

Hill Education (India) nor its authors shall be responsible for any errors,

omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This work is

published with the understanding that McGraw Hill Education (India) and

its authors are supplying information but are not attempting to render

engineering or other professional services. If such services are required,

the assistance of an appropriate professional should be sought.

Typeset at TNQ Technologies Pvt. Ltd., 4/600, Phase II, Dr Vikram

Sarabhai Instronics Estate, Kottivakkam, Chennai 600 041 and printed at

Rajkamal Electric Press, Plot No. No. 2, Phase-IV, Kundli, Haryana.

Cover Designer: Creative Designer

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DQBLCDLTDLXBD

visit us at: www.mheducation.co.in

Write to us at: [email protected]

CIN: U80302TN2010PTC111532

Toll Free Number: 1800 103 5875

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Dedicated

to

My Wife

Mamadgi Vidya

and

My Daughters

Mamadgi Anjali

Mamadgi Aishwarya

and

My Native Place

Dhanasiri (Zaheerabad – Telangana)

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Preface to the

Sixth Edition

I am pleased to place before the readers a thoroughly revised,

enlarged and updated edition of this widely read book on Indian

Polity.

In 2011 and 2013, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus

of the preliminary and main examinations, respectively. Both

times, the scope of Indian Polity has been considerably increased.

Hence, this new edition of the book is more relevant now and is

aimed to meet the expanded needs of the aspirants.

In the course of revision and updation of this edition of the

book, various new developments related to the subject, like recent

constitutional amendments, parliamentary legislations, executive

decisions and supreme court judgments, have been taken into

account.

Changes in this Edition:

1. Addition of 6 new chapters.

2. Inclusion of 2017, 2018 and 2019 preliminary questions with

answers.

3. Inclusion of 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 mains questions.

4. Updation of the year-wise break-up of the UPSC questions

in the preliminary and main examinations.

5. Inclusion of additional updated information on a number of

topics.

6. New items included in various chapters.

New Chapters:

1. Goods and Services Tax Council

2. National Commission for Backward Classes

3. National Investigation Agency

4. National Disaster Management Authority

5. Role of Regional Parties

6. Coalition Government

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I firmly believe that this is now a very comprehensive and

updated manual. It is a matter of immense satisfaction that the

previous five editions of this book have received an overwhelming

response from readers. I am confident that readers would

continue to repose their faith in this edition as well.

Constructive comments and concrete suggestions to further

improve the book are welcome and shall be gratefully

acknowledged.

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Preface to the

First Edition

I have great pleasure in placing this book before the aspirants of

the top administrative services. The book has been written to

meet the growing requirements of the candidates appearing for

the Civil Services Examinations (Preliminary and Main) conducted

by the Union Public Service Commission. It directly and fully

covers the Indian Polity section of the paper on General Studies

and is also useful for certain optional subjects like Public

Administration, Political Science, Law, Sociology and

Anthropology.

This comprehensive volume would enable the readers to

acquire a complete and detailed understanding of the subject. It

covers all dimensions (constitutional, non-constitutional, political

and administrative) of the subject. My first-hand experience of

coaching the candidates for the Civil Services Examinations has

been a great source of inspiration and has helped me immensely

in writing this book.

An effort has been made to make the contents of the book

relevant, authentic, and up-to-date. The constitutional provisions

are explained in the light of the debates of the Constituent

Assembly of India as well as the judgements of the Supreme

Court and the high courts. I have also used tables to make the

presentation more clear. The Appendices, provided at the end of

the book, serve as a reference section.

I welcome all constructive comments and concrete suggestions

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Acknowledgements

D uring the course of writing this book, I have received help,

encouragement and assistance from my teachers, students,

family members, colleagues, friends, library staff and others.

I am thankful to all of them.

I am particularly grateful to my wife, Smt. M. Vidya, for the

encouragement and support that she provided during the

preparation of the book.

I am deeply indebted to the eminent political scientists and

constitutional experts (Granville Austin, Moris Jones, K.C.

Wheare, Rajni Kothari, Paul Appleby, K. Santhanam, N.A.

Palkhivala, Soli Sorabji, D.D. Basu, V.N. Shukla, M.P. Jain,

Subhash Kashyap) and other scholars of repute whose valuable

works have been highly useful in the writing of this book.

My thanks are also due to Mr. Tanmoy Roychowdhury, Mr.

Deepak Singh, Ms. Shukti Mukherjee, Ms. Shalini Jha, Ms.

Shreya Soni and Ms. Anjali Chakravarty of McGraw Hill India

Private Limited for their unstinted cooperation in bringing out this

updated edition on time.

M. LAXMIKANTH

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Year-Wise Break-up of the UPSC

Questions on Indian Polity

(General Studies—Prelims)

Sl.No. Year No. of Questions Asked

1. 2000 12

2. 2001 12

3. 2002 19

4. 2003 19

5. 2004 22

6. 2005 10

7. 2006 13

8. 2007 12

9. 2008 13

10. 2009 14

11. 2010 10

12. 2011 12

13. 2012 20

14. 2013 18

15. 2014 13

16. 2015 15

17. 2016 06

18. 2017 22

19. 2018 15

20. 2019 15

Note I: In 2011, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus of

the Preliminary Examination. In the new scheme, the Indian Polity

section has been renamed as “Indian Polity and Governance”. It

covers Constitution, Political System, Panchayati Raj, Public

Policy, Rights Issues, etc. Also, now each question carries two

marks (previously one mark).

Note II: In the above table, the number of questions asked on

“Governance” (since 2011) are also included.

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Year-Wise Break-up of the UPSC

Marks on Indian Polity

(General Studies—Mains)

Sl.No. Year No. of Questions Asked

1. 2000 130

2. 2001 100

3. 2002 130

4. 2003 100

5. 2004 100

6. 2005 100

7. 2006 100

8. 2007 100

9. 2008 130

10. 2009 66

11. 2010 66

12. 2011 111

13. 2012 47

14. 2013 100

15. 2014 88

16. 2015 100

17. 2016 112

18. 2017 110

19. 2018 125

20. 2019 125

Note I: In 2013, the UPSC changed the pattern and syllabus of

the Main Examination. In the new scheme, a separate and full

paper on “Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and

International Relations” has been introduced. It carries 250 marks.

Note II: In the above table, the number of marks allotted to the

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About the Civil Services

Examination

The Civil Services examination comprises two successive

stages:

(i) Civil Services (Preliminary) Examination (Objective Type) for

the selection of candidates for Main Examination; and

(ii) Civil Services (Main) Examination (Written and Interview) for

the selection of candidates for the various services and posts.

Scheme and subjects for the Preliminary and Main

Examination.

A. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION

The Examination shall comprise two compulsory Papers of 200

marks each.

Note:

(i) Both the question papers will be of the objective type (multiple

choice questions).

(ii) The question papers will be set both in Hindi and English.

However, questions relating to English Language

Comprehension Skills of Class X level will be tested through

passages from English language only without providing Hindi

translation thereof in the question paper.

B. MAIN EXAMINATION

The written examination will consist of the following papers:

Qualifying Papers:

Paper A: (One of the Indian Language to be selected by the

candidate from the Languages included in the Eighth Schedule to

the Constitution).

300 Marks

Paper B: English

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The papers on Indian Languages and English (Paper A and Paper

B) will be of Matriculation or equivalent standard and will be of

qualifying nature. The marks obtained in these papers will not be

counted for ranking.

Papers to be counted for merit

Paper I: Essay

250 Marks

Paper II: General Studies–I

(Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World

and Society)

250 Marks

Paper III: General Studies –II

250 Marks

(Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International

Relations)

Paper IV: General Studies –III

250 Marks

(Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment,

Security and Disaster Management)

Paper V: General Studies –IV

250 Marks

(Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude)

Paper VI: Optional Subject – Paper 1