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এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The Asian side's 2-0 victory over 2014 winners Germany on Wednesday - a major upset secured in stoppage time - ensured Mexico progress to the knockout stage of the World Cup despite being thrashed by Sweden in their final group game. Large crowds celebrated Mexico's progression at the South Korean embassy in Mexico City, chanting that Koreans were their "brothers". Images of hybrid South Korea-Mexico flags, tweeted statements of friendship and gratitude, and even vows from fans to begin listening to K-Pop were posted online by droves of Mexico supporters. "Thank you Korea. I don't even know quite where it is, but thank you, thank you," Cecilia Gonzalez, a 22-year-old student told the AFP news agency at a bar in Mexico City. At a World Cup fan park in Russia, Sweden and Mexico supporters celebrated their teams' progression by chanting "Goodbye Germany" in unison. Mexico fans have largely brushed over their side's 3-0 defeat to Sweden in their final group game, which sets them up for a meeting with five-time champions Brazil in the next round. An image of Mexico's green, white and red standard emblazoned with the South Korean flag is also proving popular on Twitter. At home, many South Koreans took to the internet to express their excitement. On Naver, the country's largest internet portal, the German defeat continued to trend. "I never cared much for football but when your country becomes the first Asian team to beat Germany in the World Cup, you celebrate," gushed one fan. "So incredibly proud to be South Korean." Another Naver user said: "We should be very proud of ourselves and our country. From working towards peace [in the joint April peace summit] to our World Cup win, those are amazing achievements. Great year for our country." South Korean social media users also focused their attention on goalkeeper Jo Hyeon-Woo, the "hero to not just one nation, but two". He was celebrated for his quick reflexes which saved the day. One South Korean tourist was even swept up in the celebrations in Mexico City's Zócalo plaza. "A friend of the people!" the tweet reads, as Mexico supporters are shown lifting the man onto their shoulders. But despite all the fanfare and their shock defeat of defending world champions Germany, South Korea will not progress. At least their fans will leave Russia with plenty of new friends.

এবার বিশ্বকাপে মেক্সিকো সমর্থকরা আরেকটি দেশকে প্রাণখুলে অভিনন্দিত করেছে, সেটি হলো দক্ষিণ কোরিয়া।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

People across the country came out in protest, with some of them even taking their children to demonstrations. With so much news around child rape and murder and the exploitation of the powerless by the powerful, how do Indian parents try to explain these events to their young children? "When you're educating a child, it's not a one-time affair," Dr Samir Parikh, a Delhi-based child psychologist, told the BBC. "Incidents in the news should be used as teaching moments based on the child's age and cognitive abilities." Dr Parikh added that Indian parents have started having these conversations with their children more openly than before but it's still not as widespread as it should be. "Education surely makes a difference in terms of parents' comfort and belief in talking about these things," he said. The BBC's Nikita Mandhani gathered a range of voices from different parts of India to highlight varying opinions on what and how much parents choose to tell their children about rape and sexual abuse. "She wants to know if the whole world is like this" My 11-year-old daughter is an avid reader and is interested in political and current affairs. Initially, I didn't want her to be exposed to a lot of news and conversations surrounding rape and sexual assault. But it's become inevitable. When she was five, I explained to her that she needs to be aware and alert about what is happening to her and around her. Then about two years ago, she read about "rape" in a book and asked me what it meant. I didn't go into any graphic details but explained that it meant somebody was abusing someone else or violating the privacy of their body in an unacceptable way. My daughter and her friends are appalled and shattered about what happened to the eight-year-old girl in Kashmir. Sometimes, she asks me if the world out there is like this or whether this is a one-off incident. She gets scared, but she is also at that age in her life when she wants to push her boundaries for independence. So, it's tough to explain why I want someone to escort her wherever she goes or why I want her to dress more conservatively in northern India. Mona Desai - mother to an 11-year-old daughter in the western city of Mumbai "He needs to be aware that he will play a role in bringing change" I have spoken to my older son about incidents of rape and sexual assault a few times. He reads the news sometimes so I choose to frame conversations on consent and violence around incidents in the media. I have also always discussed women's issues with him. I think as an upper class Hindu male he needs to be aware of these concerns and realise he plays a role in bringing about change. I think it's important for my sons to be aware of rape culture. Sexual violence is one of the biggest fears of women around them, and thus ultimately impacts everybody's lives and behaviour. Sexist jokes, phrases and thoughts are called out in our household and examined for how damaging they can be. I don't shield my sons from the news. However, I do let them bring these topics up for discussion rather than imposing these conversations on them. Maybe my children don't always understand the full meaning of what I'm discussing but it's enough for me that they know that to their mother such behaviour is not acceptable. Sunayana Roy, mother of two sons aged 11 and 3 in the southern city of Bangalore "How do I teach her about rape without making her cynical?" Talking to my daughter about issues surrounding rape and sexual abuse is a struggle. I want her to be able to trust people - to be friends with men and fall in love. But at the same time I am concerned about her security and safety. I don't mind if she comes home late or wears clothes of her choice. But I still ask her to return before a particular time and suggest appropriate outfits. This is my dilemma. I want her to understand the reality without becoming cynical. Instances of rapes and violence upset her and she asks, 'Are all men like that?' I explain that a small section of society is like that. It is a struggle to answer these questions when I want her to believe that the world is beautiful. Parul - mother to a 14-year-old in Chandigarh in northern Punjab state "Empowering them to say stop" From the time my children were about four or five years old, we have been teaching them about concepts like "good touch" and "bad touch" and how to respect their own and other people's bodies. We have taught them that there are some body parts that are private and no one should touch, apart from their parents when they are giving them a bath, and perhaps a doctor - but in front of their parents. We have also told them that if someone does something that they are uncomfortable with they should never be afraid to say "no." Also, they can always come to us or another figure of authority that they can trust - that they should never feel ashamed. Even when they play with each other- and you know how boys like to roughhouse - we have a strict rule that when someone says "I don't like it", the game has to end. Basically all of this is to empower them to say "stop". Having said that however, I have actually restricted newspaper access to my children. Both my husband and I are quite particular about what kind of media they have access to, and how age-appropriate the content they are exposed to is. Akhila Prabhakar - mother to two sons, aged 10 and 8 in the western city of Mumbai "She makes up stories about being touched" I haven't talked to my 7-year-old daughter about rape but I started telling her about "good touch" and "bad touch" about two years ago. Since then, every time we talk about it, she tells me a new story about someone who has "touched her inappropriately". Initially I was frantic, but then I realised that none of that had actually happened to her and young children can be really good storytellers! My daughter starts correlating and putting herself in situations we talk about. It becomes difficult for me as a mother sometimes because I don't know if she is processing these conversations in the right way. It horrifies me to see girls as old as my daughter becoming victims of such heinous crimes, but I'm not sure how to approach the subject of rape with my daughter. I fear that if I tell her about rape, she'll start connecting to that as well. Sunanda Parashar, mother of two daughters aged 7 and 2 in India's capital Delhi "I took my teenage son to his first anti-rape protest" We have been having conversations with our son about the idea of consent, appropriate behaviour and violence, and the role gender plays in it for quite a few years now. It's important for children to be steadfast in their beliefs. Everyone has inputs coming in from different directions. Lines are very blurred now. It's very possible that young and immature minds do not understand consent and hormones take over. So, these discussions have become a crucial aspect of our existence. It's not just enough to tell our children to do or not do a thing. We must also give them the courage to ensure that their immediate environment is not subject to such incidents. This last Sunday, we took our son to his first anti-rape protest. We believe it's important for him to see he's not alone and is part of a much larger group of people who think like him and believe in similar values. Arunava Sinha - father to a 15-year-old son in India's capital Delhi Additional reporting by Daljit Ami from BBC Punjabi

ভারতে সম্প্রতি দুটি শিশুকে ধর্ষণ করে হত্যার পরপর দুটো ঘটনা নিয়ে যে ধরণের জনরোষ দেখা গেছে, তার নজির বিরল। অনেক এসব বিক্ষোভে অভিভাবকরা তাদের বাচ্চাদের নিয়ে গেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Jack GoodmanBBC Reality Check They have also brought a glimmer of hope that the desperate situation inside the country can be alleviated. Images of severely malnourished children, outbreaks of cholera and warnings of whole communities on the brink of starvation have brought the urgency of finding a diplomatic solution into sharp focus. Three-quarters of the Yemeni population is estimated to be in need of humanitarian support. And the longer the conflict continues, the worse the situation is becoming. That is despite very large sums pledged in aid for Yemen. The UN appealed for close to $3bn (£2.4bn) to fund the humanitarian response in 2018. It will ask for $4bn (£3.16bn) next year. So how much of this has been received, where is it coming from, and where is it going? Biggest donors International donors have been praised for raising large amounts of money for Yemen in response to the humanitarian crisis. Almost all of the $2bn (£1.58bn) pledged at a UN conference in April has been received or formally committed. The first pledging conference for Yemen held in 2017 was similarly as successful. The UN says 94% of the pledges - $1.1bn (£862m) - were fulfilled. Half of the money pledged in this year came from Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These are the two largest contributors to the UN's plan followed by the US, Kuwait and the UK. The money has been given to dozens of UN agencies, international organisations and local NGOs. The largest recipients include the World Food Programme, United Nations Children's Fund, World Health Organization and the UN refugee agency. These are large sums, but this UN-co-ordinated funding plan is only around half of the total aid committed for Yemen. It's estimated that in total $4bn has been made available this year. Much of this extra funding has been provided by the UAE - a further $1bn - making it, by a significant margin, the largest humanitarian donor to Yemen this year. The Red Crescent Society of the United Arab Emirates was the largest individual recipient in 2018. So if such large contributions are being committed to Yemen, why isn't aid reaching those needing it most? The view from inside Yemen Nawal Al-Maghafi, Special Correspondent, BBC Arabic The current conditions on the ground are seriously hindering the delivery and distribution of aid - far too little is reaching those desperately in need. On the one hand, the Saudi-led coalition is enforcing a commercial blockade on sea and air routes into the country, and placing restrictions on relief supplies. A total of 90% of imports are food, fuel, and drugs, and the blockade is effectively choking a country heavily reliant on these goods. Aid is also subject to long inspection delays as well as in some cases being rejected altogether. Coalition forces have also bombed bridges linking Yemen's main port at Hudaydah with Sanaa, the capital city, which has meant trucks loaded with vital supplies are having to take other routes, adding many hours to journey times, increasing the price of delivery and, in some cases, making it impossible to deliver supplies at all to areas in desperate need. On the other hand, local groups and warlords are also hindering the delivery of aid, and at times there is outright looting and selling on the black market. Houthi rebels have blocked access to besieged cities such as Taiz and set up checkpoints into the capital, charging extra fees to aid agencies, who in turn have less available to spend on humanitarian aid. Profiteers on both sides of the conflict are also intentionally creating shortages and spiking prices of certain items such as fuel and gas. The UN says humanitarian organisations are now able to reach eight million people a month but the warnings of a catastrophic famine have grown stronger. So why isn't the situation improving? Delivering aid in an active conflict is challenging - continued fighting and air strikes make it dangerous for humanitarian workers to gain access to people in need. In the months of June and July this year, 86% of incidents where UN staff were delayed or denied access were due to administrative restrictions on movement - activities that require permissions from the authorities. Most of the rest were delayed by military operations and hostilities impeding humanitarian operations. Suze van Meegen, a spokeswoman for the Norwegian Refugee Council, highlighted some of the difficulties faced by its staff operating in Yemen. "Restrictions on the movement of humanitarian goods and personnel span challenges with security and logistics, as well as complex, changing bureaucratic impediments, delayed visa processes for international staff, and threats to the safety of Yemeni humanitarian staff - the ones working at greatest personal risk to help people in need." However, no amount of aid can offset the economic collapse and spiking food prices that the war has produced, says Jeremy Konyndyk, a senior policy fellow at the Centre for Global Development. Yemen depends on imports for almost all of its food. But ongoing fighting and a tightening of the two-year blockade by Saudi-led coalition forces has led to a significant drop in the amount of food entering the country. The coalition, which backs the Yemeni government, says the blockade has been necessary to prevent the smuggling of weapons. Between May and August this year food imports fell by 30%, according to the UN. Famine warning As a result of the blockade and a collapsing currency, food prices have soared, leaving a desperately poor population unable to buy food even though it is available in shops and on market stalls. A pro-Yemeni-government assault on Hudaydah port, which supplies food and goods for just under two-thirds of Yemen's population and serves shipments of aid, threatened food supplies even further. "If food imports dry up there's no way for the aid community to offset a famine," says Mr Konyndyk. Read more from Reality Check Send us your questions Follow us on Twitter

ইয়েমেন যুদ্ধ বন্ধ করার পথে অন্যতম প্রধান ভূমিকা পালন করতে পারে জাতিসংঘের পৃষ্ঠপোষকতায় পরিচালিত চলমান শান্তি আলোচনা।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

"By almost every measure, America is a better, stronger place" than it was eight years ago when he took office, he told thousands of supporters. But he warned "democracy is threatened whenever we take it for granted". He implored Americans of all backgrounds to consider things from each other's point of view, saying "we have to pay attention and listen". The country's first black president, now 55, was first elected in 2008 on a message of hope and change. His successor, Donald Trump, has vowed to undo some of Mr Obama's signature policies. He will be sworn into office on 20 January. Where was Sasha during Obama's speech? World media: 'We will miss Obama' Raucous chants of "four more years" from the crowd were brushed aside by the president. "I can't do that," he said with a smile. US presidents are limited to two terms by the constitution. "No, no, no, no no," he said, when the crowd booed the prospect of Mr Trump replacing him. Striking an upbeat tone, Mr Obama said that the peaceful transfer of power between presidents was a "hallmark" of American democracy. But, he outlined three threats to American democracy - economic inequality, racial divisions and the retreat of different segments of society into "bubbles", where opinions are not based on "some common baseline of facts". "If you're tired of arguing with strangers on the internet, try to talk with one in real life," he said to laughter and applause. In his closing remarks he said he had one final request for Americans as president: "I am asking you to believe. Not in my ability to bring about change - but in yours." Returning to Chicago, where he first declared victory in 2008, Mr Obama delivered a mostly positive message to Americans after a divisive election campaign which saw Mr Trump defeat Democrat Hillary Clinton. Mr Obama said that young Americans - including those who worked on his campaigns, and who believe "in a fair, just, inclusive America" - left him feeling "even more optimistic about this country than I was when we started". In choosing Chicago, Mr Obama had earlier said he wanted to return to "where it all started" for him and First Lady Michelle Obama, instead of delivering the speech from the White House. 'An elegantly worded warning', by Nick Bryant, BBC New York correspondent "Yes we can. Yes we did." A bookend to the speech he delivered on the night he won the presidency in Grant Park, Chicago, Barack Obama's farewell address contained much of the same hope and optimism that were hallmarks of his candidacy while at the same time outlining his legacy. But it was also an elegantly worded warning: about the country's broken politics, its naked partisanship, its stark economic inequalities, its social and racial dislocation. Though he did not mention the President-elect by name, much of it obviously read like a rebuttal to Donald Trump's campaign. Obama called for respect for the science of climate change and drew one of his biggest applause lines when he noted: "I reject discrimination against Muslim Americans." The line "democracy can buckle when we give in to fear," could easily be interpreted as being aimed at Donald Trump. This speech highlighted a stark difference between the two men: Obama's preference for delivering reflective and historically literate orations, and Trump's penchant for expressing himself in Tweets. Mr Obama said that it was in Chicago as a young man, "still trying to figure out who I was, still searching for purpose in my life", that he "witnessed the power of faith and dignity of working people in the face of struggle and loss". "This is where I learned that change only happens when ordinary people get involved and they get engaged and they come together to demand it," he said. "After eight years as your president I still believe that." Some 18,000 people attended the farewell address at McCormick Place, the largest convention centre in North America and the venue for Mr Obama's speech after he defeated Mitt Romney in the 2012 election. The tickets were given out free, but were selling online for more than $1,000 (£820) each hours ahead of the speech. As he leaves the Oval Office, President Obama is viewed favourably by 57% of Americans, according to an Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research poll, a similar level to Bill Clinton when he left office. Barack Obama's final speech - in quotes On race After my election, there was talk of a post-racial America. Such a vision, however well-intended, was never realistic. For race remains a potent and often divisive force in our society. I've lived long enough to know that race relations are better than they were 10, or 20, or 30 years ago. On his achievements If I had told you eight years ago that America would reverse a great recession, reboot our auto industry, and unleash the longest stretch of job creation in our history… If I had told you that we would open up a new chapter with the Cuban people, shut down Iran's nuclear weapons programme without firing a shot, and take out the mastermind of 9/11... If I had told you that we would win marriage equality, and secure the right to health insurance for another 20 million of our fellow citizens - you might have said our sights were set a little too high. On Michelle Obama Michelle LaVaughn Robinson, girl of the South Side, for the past 25 years, you've been not only my wife and mother of my children, you have been my best friend. You took on a role you didn't ask for and you made it your own with grace and grit and style and good humour. You made the White House a place that belongs to everybody. Read the speech in full

আমেরিকার প্রেসিডেন্ট হিসেবে দেয়া শেষ ভাষণে প্রেসিডেন্ট বারাক ওবামা মার্কিন জনগণকে গণতন্ত্র রক্ষা করার আহ্বান জানিয়েছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Petty Officer Beirut Pakbara, a Thai Navy Seal, contracted a blood infection during the rescue at Tham Luang cave. Beirut was under medical supervision but his condition worsened and he died on Friday, a statement said. Another rescuer, Saman Gunan, died during the operation. Saman, a former Thai Navy Seal diver, had been delivering air tanks and was on his way out of the cave complex when he ran out of air and lost consciousness. A statue of him was later erected near the cave's entrance. Beirut was buried on Friday in his home province of Satun in a ceremony according to Islamic funeral rituals, officials said. The Wild Boars youth football team, aged between 11 and 16, and their 25-year-old coach had been exploring the cave on 23 June 2018 when a downpour flooded the tunnels, trapping them deep underground. They were all eventually freed in a 17-day international rescue effort that involved more than 90 divers and captured the attention of the world's press. The cave in Thailand's northern Chiang Rai province was only reopened to tourists in November this year. The opening ceremony was attended by monks, government officials and park rangers.

থাইল্যান্ডে গত বছর একটি গুহায় আটকে পড়া ১২ জন শিক্ষার্থী আর তাদের ফুটবল কোচকে উদ্ধারে অংশ নিয়েছিলেন এমন একজন উদ্ধারকর্মী রক্তের সংক্রমণে মারা গেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

This will be a presidential campaign like no other. Just as the Democratic contest was winding down, and former Vice-President Joe Biden was strengthening his grip on his party's nomination, the US election was derailed by the outbreak of the novel coronavirus. President Donald Trump, the Republican nominee, and Mr Biden, the presumptive Democratic nominee, have effectively moved their campaigns indoors, skipping the rallies and rope lines that are typically front and centre in an election season. In the coming months we'll find out who has won over enough voters - in the midst of a pandemic - to clinch the presidency in November. From caucuses to conventions, here's what you need to know about the presidential election. What are the main parties? Unlike many other countries, in the US, there are only two parties considered by most voters - the Democrats (the liberal, left-of-centre party) and the Republicans (the conservative, right-of-centre party). Other "third-party" candidates sometimes participate, with the Libertarian, Green and Independent parties occasionally putting forth a nominee. What's happened so far? Before party nominees square off in the general election, presidential hopefuls battle for their party's nomination in caucuses and primary elections ("primaries") across the country. There's nothing regarding primaries in the US Constitution, so the game play is determined by party and state laws. Ask me State governments run primary elections - not the parties - in essentially the same way they run the general election. State laws determine if these primaries are closed, meaning only those registered with that party can vote, or open, where unaffiliated voters can also participate. If a candidate wins a primary election, they win either all or a proportion of the state's delegates, depending on party rules. Those delegates will then vote for them at the party convention, where the presidential nominee is officially named. It's a system that became widespread for the presidential election in the 1970s. Before that, a nominee was selected by party members at conventions. In 2016, just over 57 million Americans - 28.5% of eligible voters - participated in the primaries of both parties, according to the Pew Research Center. The primary process is rather uniquely American, but there are some similarities in Australia and Israel for "pre-selecting" candidates. What about caucuses? A handful of states, like Iowa, have caucuses instead of primaries. Caucuses are run by the parties in precincts across the state. As they are not run by the state governments, caucuses give parties more flexibility in determining the rules, like who can vote. For Democratic caucuses, no ballots are cast, and votes are determined by standing in groups around a room. Do both parties hold primaries? As Democrats are looking to unseat Mr Trump, who is all but certain to be the Republican nominee, their primaries are more closely watched. Voters in early states chose between a wide Democratic field, including progressive candidates like Senators Bernie Sanders and Elizabeth Warren, billionaire businessman Michael Bloomberg and moderates like former Mayor Pete Buttigieg, Senator Amy Klobuchar, and Mr Biden. In April, Mr Sanders announced his exit from the race, making Mr Biden the last candidate standing and effectively crowning the former vice-president the Democratic nominee. As for Republicans? Most states also hold primaries, with Mr Trump's name on the ballots but he has faced no serious challengers. How does voting work with stay-home orders? Some states have moved forward with primaries despite ongoing lockdown measures to curb the spread of the coronavirus. Wisconsin was criticised for holding an in-person vote on 7 April despite health concerns related to the virus, while other states like Wyoming, Ohio and Kansas, held their contests by mail. A total of 15 others, including Delaware, Maryland, Pennsylvania and Rhode Island have postponed their primary elections as late as August. But it's all academic because Mr Biden is presumptive nominee. When exactly will Trump face a challenger? The Democratic National Convention, where the party will name its nominees for president and vice-president, will be held in mid-August in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. That's a month later than initially scheduled because of the virus outbreak. It could yet be a virtual event. The Republican National Convention happens later, between 24 August and 27 August. Technically, President Trump is not the official Republican candidate until it is announced at the convention. That's more likely to be an in-person event because Republican leaders are generally more bullish about returning to "normal". After that, we can look forward to four debates when President Trump or Vice-President Mike Pence take the stage along with their Democratic challengers. The nonpartisan Commission on Presidential Debates, established in 1987, sponsors and runs these debates. The first of three presidential debates will take place in Indiana on 29 September, with two more in October. The vice-presidential debate will take place 7 October in Utah. So how does a candidate win the general election? The popular vote - the sheer number of votes received by each candidate - will have nothing to do with determining the winner of the 3 November general election. That comes down to the "electoral college" vote. A simple majority of 270 out of the 538 votes available wins the White House. This makes some states very important to candidates, as more populous states have a bigger number of electoral votes. It is possible to win the popular vote, but lose the electoral vote, as happened to Democrats Al Gore in 2000 and Hillary Clinton in 2016. What's the Electoral College? It's the term for the officials, "electors", who vote on behalf of the states for president. Each state is worth a number of electors proportionate to its representation in Congress: the sum of its senators (every state has two) and representatives in the House (determined by populous). The six biggest states are California (55), Texas (38), New York (29), Florida (29), Illinois (20) and Pennsylvania (20). This system gives greater weight to smaller states and means a presidential candidate must get a spread of votes from across the nation. What are swing, red and blue states? Republican bastions such as Idaho, Alaska, and many southern states are considered "red states" while Democrat-dominated states such as California, Illinois and much of the New England region of the northeast coast are called "blue states". Swing states are states that can change hands depending on the candidate. As campaigns often choose not to send candidates or invest resources to states they consider unwinnable, the presidential contest mostly takes place in these few swing states, like Ohio and Florida. Arizona, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin may be considered swing states in 2020. How long do voters have to cast ballots? As with many things in America, it depends on the state. Most offer early voting, which allows registered voters to cast their ballots ahead of Election Day (3 November). There's also mail-in absentee voting, for voters who are unable to go to a polling place due to illness, disability, travel plans or attending an out-of-state school. Health concerns over the current public-health crisis have increased pressure on states to expand the availability of mail-in voting, especially in the 17 states that require voters to provide a valid reason why they are unable to vote in-person. For those voting on Election Day, they have to go in-person to an official polling place. There is no online voting. Each state handles its own vote counting and a winner is usually determined on the same night. Though there has been speculation of an outright delay due to the pandemic, a change in date remains highly unlikely. What happens if no-one wins the Electoral College? If no single candidate receives the majority of electoral votes, then the House of Representatives will select the president from the top three candidates. The Senate will choose the vice-president from the remaining two candidates. It's a rare situation, but it's happened once before: John Quincy Adams won the White House this way in 1824. What happens after a winner is announced? There will be a brief transition period following the election, allowing a new president to select cabinet members and make plans. In January, the new president (or returning incumbent) is sworn in at an event called the inauguration. The 20th Amendment to the Constitution - ratified in 1933 - mandates inauguration take place on 20 January. After a ceremony at Congress, the president makes his way back to the White House in a parade to begin their four year term. Who will take on Trump in 2020?

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রে হোয়াইট হাউজে যাওয়ার দৌড় সবে শুরু হয়েছে। ২০২০ সালের যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট নির্বাচনের ফলাফল সারা বিশ্বের ওপরই প্রভাব ফেলতে যাচ্ছে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

Testifying to a Senate committee, the officials said that the rioters "came prepared for war" with weapons, radios and climbing gear. Ex-Capitol Police Chief Steven Sund said he had prepared for a protest, not "a military-style coordinated assault". Four people died after pro-Trump protesters stormed the US Capitol. Three of the four officials testifying on Tuesday to the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee resigned in the immediate wake of the attack, in which one Capitol Police officer was killed. Acting Washington DC police chief Robert Contee III told lawmakers, who are holding the first public hearing into the attack, that he was "stunned" by how long it took for the Pentagon to deploy National Guard troops to help quell the riots. Democrats charge that the attack amounted to an insurrection, and impeached former President Donald Trump for allegedly inciting the mob. He was later acquitted by the Senate, becoming the first president in US history to be impeached twice. What did officials say? All three officials agreed that there appeared to be a level of co-ordination and planning from the crowd. Mr Sund said that pipe bombs that were placed at the edge of the security perimeter appeared to be intended to draw law enforcement away from the Capitol building. "When the group arrived at the perimeter, they did not act like any group of protesters I had ever seen," said the 30-year police veteran. "A clear lack of accurate and complete intelligence across several federal agencies contributed to this event and not poor planning by the United States Capitol Police," he added. Capitol Police Captain Carneysha Mendoza described the clashes, telling lawmakers that she has chemical burns on her face from attackers that still have not fully healed. "Of the multitude of events I've worked in my nearly 19-year career in the department, this was by far the worst of the worst," she said. "We could have had 10 times the amount of people working with us, and I still believe the battle would have been just as devastating." The officials also said that an FBI report, warning that protesters had been preparing for "war", had failed to reach security officials on the eve of the attack. Former House Sergeant-at-Arms Paul Irving said that despite media reports, "optics played no role in my decision around security". He denied reports that officials did not want military troops at the Capitol out of concern that it would generate bad publicity. His account appeared to be in direct conflict with Mr Sund, who testified that Mr Irving had "stated he was concerned about the 'optics' of having National Guard present". "We all agreed the intelligence did not support" calling in the troops, said former Senate Sergeant-at-Arms Michael Stenger. Mr Sund added that no civilian police force would have been equipped that day to repel the massive crowd. Senator Amy Klobuchar, who is leading the hearing, said Pentagon officials will be called next week to testify about the deployment of National Guard troops. Senators say the hearings will help determine new security measures - including a permanent fence - being considered for the Capitol in the wake of the attack. What happened in the riot? At the time, US lawmakers were meeting inside the Capitol to certify Joe Biden's presidential victory. There was a pro-Trump rally that day on the National Mall, at which the former president spoke. He repeated unfounded claims that the election was stolen from him, and told those gathered: "If you don't fight like hell you're not going to have a country anymore." He also told them to protest peacefully but encouraged them to go to the Capitol and have their voices heard. Thousands of his supporters then made their way to the seat of government, overwhelmed the security and smashed their way into the building. At least 200 people have been charged for their role in the Capitol breach. Over 140 Capitol police officers and 65 Washington DC police officers were injured in the hours-long melee. Capitol Police Officer Brian Sicknick, a 12-year veteran of the force, died following clashes with protesters. Two more Capitol Police officers took their own lives in the weeks after the riot.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ক্যাপিটল হিলে গত ৬ই জানুয়ারির হামলার আগে নিরাপত্তার দায়িত্বে থাকা সিনিয়র কর্মকর্তারা ওই হামলার জন্য গোয়েন্দা ব্যর্থতাকে দায়ী করেছেন।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The 25,000-square-metre (30,000 sq yd) Huoshenshan Hospital, one of two new hospitals being built, is scheduled to open on Monday. On 24 January, diggers were speedily clearing the ground where the hospital will sit. China's health authorities say 304 people have died from the coronavirus, with more than 14,000 cases in the country and beyond. There have been about 100 cases in another 22 countries, including two people in the UK. The number of cases worldwide has surpassed that of the Sars epidemic, which spread to more than two dozen countries in 2003. There were around 8,100 cases of Sars - severe acute respiratory syndrome - reported during that outbreak. The coronavirus outbreak began in Wuhan, home to around 11 million people. According to state media, the new Huoshenshan Hospital will contain about 1,000 beds. China's official CCTV broadcaster has been hosting livestreams so people can watch the hospitals being built in real-time - and they have proved an unlikely hit. The Global Times newspaper says more than 40 million people have been watching the livestreams in China. The popularity of the footage has led to the construction vehicles earning unusual fame. Cement mixers have found themselves with nicknames like "The Cement King", "Big White Rabbit" and "The White Roller". Huoshenshan Hospital is based on Xiaotangshan Hospital, set up in Beijing to help tackle the Sars virus in 2003. Xiaotangshan Hospital was built in seven days, allegedly breaking the world record for the fastest construction of a hospital. "China has a record of getting things done fast even for monumental projects like this," says Yanzhong Huang, a senior fellow for global health at the Council on Foreign Relations. Just like the hospital in Beijing, Huoshenshan Hospital will consist of prefabricated buildings. Mr Huang said that engineers would be brought in from across the country in order to complete construction in time. "Engineering work is what China is good at. They have records of building skyscrapers at speed. This is very hard for Westerners to imagine. It can be done," he added. .

প্রাণঘাতী করোনাভাইরাসে আক্রান্ত রোগীদের চিকিৎসার জন্যে চীনের উহান শহরে খুব দ্রুত একটি হাসপাতাল নির্মাণ করা হচ্ছে। কর্মকর্তারা বলছেন, মাত্র ১০ দিনে তৈরি এই হাসপাতালটি হয়তো সোমবারই খুলে দেয়া হবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

One rocket hit the embassy cafeteria while two others landed a short distance away, a source told AFP. At least three people were injured, security sources told Reuters. This would be the first time in years that staff have been hurt in such attacks. No group has claimed responsibility but the US has blamed Iran-backed military factions in Iraq in the past. Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned the attack, stating that the continuation of such acts could "drag Iraq into becoming a battlefield". The US State Department said: "We call on the Government of Iraq to fulfil its obligations to protect our diplomatic facilities." Recent attacks have targeted the embassy or Iraqi military bases where American troops are deployed. Iraq has been dragged into a rapid deterioration in relations between Iran and the US in recent months. This included the US killing of the top Iranian military commander, Gen Qasem Soleimani, by a drone strike on 3 January at Baghdad airport. Also assassinated in the US strike was Abu Mahdi al-Muhandis, an Iraqi who had commanded the Iranian-backed Kataib Hezbollah militia group. Powerful Iraqi Shia cleric Moqtada al-Sadr has organised anti-American demonstrations aimed at pressuring US troops to leave Iraq. Sadr's supporters were involved in widespread anti-government protests before the cleric called for the focus to shift to the US after the killing of Soleimani. They began withdrawing from anti-government sit-in camps on Saturday.

ইরাকের রাজধানী বাগদাদের মার্কিন দূতাবাসে অন্তত তিনটি রকেট হামলা হয়েছে। এর মধ্যে একটি রকেট দূতাবাসের ক্যাফেটরিয়াতে এবং বাকি দুইটি একটু দূরে আঘাত করেছে বলে জানিয়েছে এএফপি।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

The ruling overturns a 2013 judgement that upheld a colonial-era law, known as section 377, under which gay sex is categorised as an "unnatural offence". The court has now ruled discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation is a fundamental violation of rights. Campaigners outside the court cheered and some broke down in tears as the ruling was handed down. Although public opinion in India's biggest cities has been in favour of scrapping the law, there remains strong opposition among religious groups and in conservative rural communities. But this ruling, from the top court, is the final say in the matter and represents a huge victory for India's LGBT community. One activist outside the court told the BBC: "I hadn't come out to my parents until now. But today, I guess I have." What have the judges said? Thursday's decision was delivered by a five-judge bench headed by India's outgoing chief justice Dipak Misra and was unanimous. Reading out the judgement, he said: "Criminalising carnal intercourse is irrational, arbitrary and manifestly unconstitutional." Another judge, Indu Malhotra, said she believed "history owes an apology" to LGBT people for ostracising them. Justice DY Chandrachud said the state had no right to control the private lives of LGBT community members and that the denial of the right to sexual orientation was the same as denying the right to privacy. The ruling effectively allows gay sex among consenting adults in private. What is section 377? It is a 157-year-old colonial-era law which criminalises certain sexual acts as "unnatural offences" that are punishable by a 10-year jail term. The law punishes, in its own words, "carnal intercourse against the order of nature with any man, woman or animal". While the statute criminalises all anal and oral sex, it has largely affected same-sex relationships. Human rights groups say police have used the statute to harass and abuse members of the LGBT community. 'Recognising everyone's right to love' Geeta Pandey, BBC News, Delhi Even though it was rarely invoked when it involved consenting adults, section 377 could be - and was sometimes - used as a tool for harassment. It is not surprising then that campaigners are describing the verdict as a "new dawn for personal liberty". But in a largely conservative India, where leaders of all religions have consistently opposed gay sex, it will still be a while before attitudes change and the community finds full acceptance. But laws almost always play an important role in changing mindsets, and by recognising the community's right to love, the Supreme Court has restored the dignity denied to them for a very long time. How did we get to this point? It's been a tortuous route. A bid to repeal section 377 was initiated in 2001 and was batted between court and government until 2009, when the Delhi High Court ruled in favour of decriminalisation. Several political, social and religious groups then mobilised to restore the law and in 2013 the Supreme Court struck down the High Court ruling. Anti-section 377 activists then submitted a "curative petition" - a formal request to review an earlier court order perceived as a "miscarriage of justice" - and in 2016 the Supreme Court decided to revisit its ruling. What has the LGBT reaction been to the latest ruling? One of joy given that the community has fought vigorously to strike down the law. Equal rights activists had argued that the very existence of such a law was proof of discrimination based on sexual orientation. LGBT activist Harish Iyer told the BBC: "I'm absolutely elated. It's like a second freedom struggle where finally we have thrown a British law out of this country... I think the next step would be to get anti-discrimination laws in place, or anti-bullying laws." Messages of support were posted on Twitter, including from film director Karan Johar: Journalist Anna MM Vetticad said India had been saved from its shame: How have political parties reacted? The governing BJP party has said it would leave the decision to the Supreme Court. However, one of its members said he was disappointed with the verdict. Subramanian Swamy, known for making provocative comments, said: "It could give rise to an increase in the number of HIV cases." Meanwhile, the main opposition Congress party has welcomed the ruling, saying they "hope this is the beginning of a more equal and inclusive society". The UN has also welcomed the ruling, saying "sexual orientation and gender expression form an integral part of an individual's identity the world over". What else was said in the ruling? The court said other aspects of section 377 dealing with unnatural sex with animals and children would remain in force. The judges also explicitly said that they only ruled on the constitutional validity of section 377 and were not looking at it in terms of other rights such as those related to marriage or inheritance. It remains too early to say what this will translate to in the longer term. Author and commentator Sandip Roy told the BBC that although the ruling was a cause for celebration, there were still hurdles to overcome, and a need for anti-discrimination laws. "I think we would be foolish to think that this is the end of the fight," he said. Where is homosexuality illegal? The 2017 report from the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (Ilga) lists 72 countries and territories where same-sex relationships are still criminalised, although that includes India before its latest ruling. Most of them are in Africa, the Middle East and other parts of south Asia. The report said homosexuality could still result in the death penalty in eight nations.

সমকামিতা ভারতে আর অপরাধ নয় বলে ঐতিহাসিক রায় দিয়েছে দেশটির সর্বোচ্চ আদালত।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The PM has just chaired a cabinet meeting on Brexit strategy and will make a statement to MPs at 1230 GMT. Six or more Remain-supporting ministers could quit unless she rules out no-deal in her statement. But one of the PM's closest allies has warned pushing back the 29 March exit would not make getting a deal easier. The BBC's Nick Watt says the feeling is Mrs May will "lean into" the rebel ministers' demands and Brexiteers have been told to expect a "very difficult message". She has just returned from a summit in Egypt where she held a number of meetings with EU leaders and continued to press for more concessions to placate critics of her deal, in particular on the Irish border backstop. News of the growing unrest within the cabinet came after Labour announced a significant shift in its policy - a decision to back another referendum if its own alternative Brexit plan is rejected. What are the ministers demanding? Mrs May's Brexit deal was comprehensively rejected by MPs on 15 January and she has said they'll get a second chance to vote on it - possibly with some changes - by 12 March. But writing in the Daily Mail, ministers Richard Harrington, Claire Perry and Margot James said Mrs May must promise now that she will rule out the possibility of the UK leaving the EU without a deal if her agreement is rejected again, and instead seek a way to delay. Mr Harrington, a business minister, told the BBC's Victoria Derbyshire that it was "absolutely absurd" that, with 31 days to go before the UK is due to leave, a no-deal exit was still a possibility. "The idea that no deal is a negotiating tool is absolutely incorrect. No-one believes it in the EU. As far as we are concerned the responsible thing is to rule it out." Unless Mrs May was willing to provide the necessary reassurances, he said he would vote for Parliament to "take control" of the process by backing an amendment - a legislative tool - being put before the Commons by Labour's Yvette Cooper and Conservative Oliver Letwin. If passed, it would give MPs the power to demand a delay to Brexit if a deal cannot be agreed by 13 March. He said he was prepared to rebel and quit, if necessary, insisting this would be the "honourable thing" to do. "Warm words alone will not be enough. It has to be a clear undertaking that she is prepared to remove no-deal and have a short extension to Article 50." Three other senior cabinet ministers, Greg Clark, Amber Rudd and David Gauke, have already signalled they could also be prepared to vote for the Cooper-Letwin option if there is no breakthrough in the next few days. How have Tories responded? Mrs May has long resisted any suggestion that the UK's departure from the EU could be postponed beyond 29 March. Leading Tory Brexiteer Esther McVey, who quit the cabinet in November, said those pressuring the PM to rule out no deal should be making their views known in private. Going public showed they were "losing their nerve" and "bottling" it, she told the BBC. "These people should not be threatening and going to the papers and weakening her hand. If they are going to go, then just go." If the UK did leave without a formal agreement on 29 March, she said the UK and EU should enter into what she described as a short "static period" where everything remained the same. This, she said, would give both sides the time and space to discuss how trade would operate, such as what, if any tariffs, would apply to imports and exports. Cabinet Office Minister David Lidington said that calls to avoid a no-deal Brexit by delaying the deadline for leaving the EU did not resolve the issues. "It ends up simply deferring the need to face up to taking decisions. It's not an actual course of action in its own right," he told the BBC. How has Labour's position changed? Labour has said it will support the Cooper-Letwin amendment, making its chances of success far higher. But leader Jeremy Corbyn also wants to use Wednesday to put his own plan for Brexit - which includes a "comprehensive customs union" with the EU and "close alignment" with the single market - before the Commons. He told his MPs on Monday night that if - as expected - that plan is rejected, the party will formally throw its weight behind another public vote. Shadow Brexit secretary Sir Keir Starmer said that if Labour's Brexit proposals did not get through Parliament "we, the Labour Party will either put down ourselves, or support an amendment, in favour of a public vote". That vote, he added, "ought to be on the option, on the one hand, of a credible leave deal and. on the other hand, remain". Key moments for Brexit this week Tuesday Wednesday Please upgrade your browser Your guide to Brexit jargon

ব্রেক্সিটকে কেন্দ্র করে ব্রিটিশ প্রধানমন্ত্রী টেরেজা মে'কে পদত্যাগ করার জন্য তীব্র চাপ সৃষ্টি করছেন তারই মন্ত্রিসভার কিছু সদস্য।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

In a protest inspired by US civil rights pioneer Rosa Parks, they bathed in suits covering their entire bodies - apart from the face, hands and feet - in the city of Grenoble on Sunday. The Jean Bron swimming pool is among many in France that ban burkinis. Many people in the country regard the swimsuit as a symbol of political Islam and incompatible with secularism. "Operation burkini" was launched last month by members of the group Citizen Alliance of Grenoble to defend what they say is the right of Muslim women. What happened at the pool? After changing into burkinis, the Muslim members of the group were told by lifeguards that their swimsuits were not allowed. Despite this, they entered the pool and bathed for about an hour with members of the community, many of whom cheered and applauded them for doing so. The women were later questioned by police and each fined €35 ($40; £30) for breaching the rules, news outlet France Bleu reported (in French). Speaking to the BBC, two of the Muslim women involved in the protest, Hassiba and Latifa, said they should have the same rights as other citizens. "We have a dream: to have fun in public swimming pools like all other citizens, to accompany our children whenever they want to have a swim while it is very hot in the summer here in Grenoble. "We must fight against discriminatory policies and prejudice in France, as we are actually deprived of our civil rights of access to public services and city-owned infrastructures." In a Facebook post, the Citizen Alliance said the move was part of a campaign that began in May 2018 with a petition signed by more than 600 Muslim women urging the Genoble Mayor Éric Piolle to reform the rules governing public swimming pools. Responding to events on Sunday, a member of France's centre-right party The Republicans, Matthieu Chamussy said: "Political Islam is moving forward step by step and the cause of women receding." Burkinis, a mix of the words "burka" and "bikini", are marketed to Muslim women as a way for them to swim in public while adhering to modesty edicts. But the burkini remains controversial in France, where authorities in several French towns have proposed banning the garment altogether. In 2010, France became the first European country to ban the full-face veil in public. Who was Rosa Parks? Ms Parks, the woman who inspired the "operation burkini" campaign, was arrested for refusing to give up her seat for white passengers in Montgomery, Alabama, in 1955. At the time, black travellers were required to pay at the front of the bus, leave it, walk to the back of the vehicle and then re-enter. They also had to give up their seats for white customers if the bus started filling up. Ms Parks' protest sparked a bus boycott and eventually led to the end of racial segregation on buses in the US.

নিষেধাজ্ঞা ভেঙ্গে ফ্রান্সের একটি স্থানীয় সুইমিং পুলে মুসলিম নারীরা বুরকিনি পরে সাঁতার কেটেছেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

This remains short of the 90% required to make a nuclear bomb. But under the 2015 agreement Iran was supposed to keep enrichment below 4%. Iran began breaching the deal after President Trump took the US out of it and re-imposed crippling sanctions. However the UK, France, Germany, Russia and China all hope it can be revived. What is Iran planning? The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) said Iran had informed it of its plans to enrich to a purity of up to 20% at its Fordo Fuel Enrichment Plant, a facility built deep inside a mountain. But the agency added: "Iran's letter to the agency ... did not say when this enrichment activity would take place." Iran breached the 3.67% purity cap imposed by the nuclear deal in 2019 but the enrichment level had remained steady at up to 4.5% since then. However the increase to 20% was mandated in a law passed by Iran's parliament last month in response to the assassination of the country's top nuclear scientist, Mohsen Fakhrizadeh. The bill required the Iranian government to resume enriching uranium to 20% if sanctions on the country's oil and financial sectors were not eased in two months. It also mandated the blocking of UN inspectors from Iran's nuclear facilities at Natanz and Fordo. What is enriched uranium? Enriched uranium is produced by feeding uranium hexafluoride gas into centrifuges to separate out the most suitable isotope for nuclear fission, called U-235. Low-enriched uranium, which typically has a 3-5% concentration of U-235, can be used to produce fuel for commercial nuclear power plants. Highly enriched uranium has a concentration of 20% or more and is used in research reactors. Weapons-grade uranium is 90% enriched or more. Why do limits on uranium enrichment matter? Observers say increasing enrichment could shorten Iran's "break-out time" - the time it would theoretically take to develop a nuclear bomb. Iran insists its nuclear programme is exclusively for peaceful purposes. But suspicions that Iran was developing a nuclear bomb prompted the EU, the US and the UN to impose sanctions in 2010. The 2015 deal - signed with China, France, Germany, Russia, the UK and the US - was designed to constrain the programme in a verifiable way in return for sanctions relief. What are the prospects for reviving the deal? President Trump pulled out of the agreement in May 2018, calling it "decaying and rotten". But President-elect Joe Biden has said he would return the US to the agreement - negotiated under President Obama - and would lift sanctions if Iran returned to "strict compliance with the nuclear deal". Mr Biden, who is due to be sworn in as US president on 20 January, told the New York Times last year that "it's going to be hard", but that "the last goddamn thing we need in that part of the world is a build-up of nuclear capability". For its part, Iran has expressed interest in once again complying with the agreement should there be a return to full implementation by the US. If Mr Biden "returns to the situation as it was in 2017, then so will we," said Iranian President Hassan Rouhani in December.

ইরান ২০% পর্যন্ত বিশুদ্ধ ইউরেনিয়াম সমৃদ্ধ করার কাজ শুরু করতে চায়, জাতিসংঘের পরমাণু নজরদারি সংস্থা বলছে - এটি এখন পর্যন্ত আন্তর্জাতিক পরমাণু চুক্তির সবচেয়ে উল্লেখযোগ্য লঙ্ঘন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The suspect was Nikolas Cruz, a former student at the school who had been expelled. He escaped with fleeing students but is now in police custody. As the attack unfolded students were forced to hide as police swooped in on the building. It is the deadliest school shooting since 26 people were killed at Connecticut school Sandy Hook in 2012. It is the sixth school shooting incident this year so far that has either wounded or killed students. Broward County Sheriff Scott Israel told reporters Mr Cruz killed three people outside the school, before entering the building and killing another 12. Two people later died after being taken to hospital. "It's catastrophic. There really are no words," Sheriff Israel tweeted later. Three people remain in a critical condition and three others are in stable condition, health officials said. The victims are still being identified. Sheriff Israel said a football coach was among the dead but no names have been released. How the attack unfolded The attack began at 14:30 local time (19:30 GMT) on Wednesday at the Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, about an hour north of Miami. The local public school district tweeted that "students and staff heard what sounded like gunfire" just before the end of the day. Witnesses said that the suspect set off a fire alarm before he began shooting. Police and Swat team members swarmed the campus and began clearing students from the school, as parents and ambulances converged on the scene. Mr Cruz, who had been expelled for "disciplinary reasons", was taken into custody without incident in the nearby town of Coral Springs about an hour after he left the high school, according to police. Officials gave no details of the reasons for his expulsion but student Victoria Olvera, 17, told the Associated Press it was because of a fight with his ex-girlfriend's new boyfriend. She also said he had been abusive towards the ex-girlfriend. Local media report that Mr Cruz bought his gun, an AR-15, legally and kept it locked away in the house of the family he was staying with, following his adoptive mother's death in November. Neighbours and friends said Mr Cruz was known to shoot at chickens, and talk about shooting lizards, squirrels and frogs. "We have already begun to dissect his websites and things on social media that he was on and some of the things... are very, very disturbing," Sheriff Israel said. 'Worst nightmare' The school has nearly 3,000 students. Classes are cancelled for the rest of this week. Many students said they thought it was a drill because a fire alarm practice had taken place shortly before the shooting. Students told US media they hid under desks, in closets or barricaded doors as loud shots rang out. One student, Bailey Vosberg, said: "I heard what sounded like fireworks and I looked at my friend and he asked me if I heard that." "Immediately, I knew. I didn't say anything to him, I just hopped over the fence and I went straight to the road that our school is located on - and as I got there there was just Swat cars and police units, police vehicles just flying by, helicopters over the top of us." Caesar Figueroa, a parent, told CBS News his daughter was hiding in a closet when she called him. He told the news outlet that he told her not to call him because he did not want the gunman to hear her voice. "It's the worst nightmare not hearing from my daughter for 20 minutes, it was the longest 20 minutes of my life," Mr Figeuroa said. A teacher told WSVN that she hid in a closet with 19 students for 40 minutes - and that the school underwent training for such a situation six weeks ago. What's the reaction been? Florida Senator Marco Rubio tweeted that the shooting was "designed & executed to maximize loss of life". But he said that it was too soon to debate whether tighter gun laws could have stopped it. "You should know the facts of that incident before you run out and prescribe some law that you claim could have prevented it," he told Fox News. Florida Governor Rick Scott said the shooting was "pure evil", but also refused to be drawn into a discussion about gun control. "There's a time to continue to have these conversations about how through law enforcement... we make sure people are safe," he said. President Donald Trump tweeted his condolences. Congressman Ted Deutch, the district's representative, tweeted: "I'm sick about this news from home. Just spoke with the sheriff. This is devastating." How do previous school shootings compare? Wednesday's attack is at least the 18th shooting in the US this year on or around school premises, according to research by Everytown for Gun Safety. Since 2013, there have been 291 reported school shootings in America, which averages out to about one per week. This is the worst shooting since 2012, when gunman Adam Lanza attacked Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut. He shot dead 20 young children and six adults before killing himself.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের ফ্লোরিডার পার্কল্যান্ডে একটি স্কুলে আক্রমণকারীর গুলিতে মারা গেছে অন্তত ১৭ জন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Kampala's Lord Mayor, Erias Lukwago, said the law aimed to curb the commercial and sexual exploitation of children. According to government estimates, as many as 15,000 children live on the streets in Kampala, aged from seven up to the age of 17. Offenders face up to six months in prison or a fine of $11 (£9). BBC Uganda correspondent Dear Jeanne said many children were trafficked from villages and forced by their handlers to live in small rooms within the city's slums. To combat this, the new law will ban the rental of apartments to support sex work, begging or petty trade by children. "We are ready to be imprisoned" One street beggar, Annie Katuregye, aged 60, said she used children to accompany her in order to gain enough sympathy from passers-by to give money. "As long as we see children coming, we'll force our way on the streets. We are ready to be imprisoned," she said. Mr Lukwago said the law was targeted at parents and agents who were "cashing in" on children. Parents of children found begging or selling on the streets will also be penalised. "It's now a lucrative business for some individuals who procure these kids from various parts of the country and bring them on to the streets of Kampala," he said. "It's a business. We want to bring that to an end." The law is currently restricted to the city of Kampala rather than the rest of the country.

উগান্ডায় এমন একটি আইন পাস করা হয়েছে যার ফলে এখন থেকে রাজধানী কাম্পালায় পথশিশুদের খাবার বা টাকা দান করা আইনত অবৈধ হবে।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Paul RinconScience editor, BBC News website Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna are the first two women to share the prize, which honours their work on the technology of genome editing. Their discovery, known as Crispr-Cas9 "genetic scissors", is a way of making specific and precise changes to the DNA contained in living cells. They will split the prize money of 10 million krona (£861,200; $1,110,400). Biological chemist Pernilla Wittung-Stafshede, commented: "The ability to cut DNA where you want has revolutionised the life sciences." Not only has the women's technology been transformative for basic research, it could also be used to treat inherited illnesses. Prof Charpentier, from the Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens in Berlin, said it was an emotional moment when she learned about the award. "When it happens, you're very surprised, and you think it's not real. But obviously it's real," she said. On being one of the first two women to share the prize, Prof Charpentier said: "I wish that this will provide a positive message specifically for young girls who would like to follow the path of science... and to show them that women in science can also have an impact with the research they are performing." She continued: "This is not just for women, but we see a clear lack of interest in following a scientific path, which is very worrying." During Prof Charpentier's studies of the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, she discovered a previously unknown molecule called tracrRNA. Her work showed that tracrRNA is part of the organism's system of immune defence. This system, known as Crispr-Cas, disarms viruses by cleaving their DNA - like genetic scissors. In 2011, the same year she published this work, Prof Charpentier began a collaboration with Prof Doudna, from the University of California, Berkeley. The two had been introduced by a colleague of Doudna's at a cafe in Puerto Rico, where the scientists were attending a conference. And it was on the following day, during a walk through the streets of the island's capital, San Juan, that Prof Charpentier proposed the idea of joining forces. Together, they recreated the bacterium's genetic scissors in a test tube. They also simplified the scissors' molecular components so they were easier to use. In their natural form, the bacterial scissors recognise DNA from viruses. But Charpentier and Doudna showed that they could be reprogrammed to cut any DNA molecule at a predetermined site, publishing their findings in a landmark 2012 paper. The breakthrough DNA snipping technology allowed the "code of life" to be rewritten. Since the two scientists discovered the Crispr-Cas9 genetic scissors, their use has exploded. The tool has contributed to many important discoveries in basic research; and, in medicine, clinical trials of new cancer therapies are underway. The technology also holds the promise of being able to treat or even cure inherited diseases. It is currently being investigated for its potential to treat sickle cell anaemia, a blood disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. But without regulation, some fear Crispr could equally be used to create "designer babies", opening up an ethical minefield. If genome-edited children grow up and have children, any alterations to their genomes could be passed down through the generations - introducing lasting changes to the human population. Last year, Chinese scientist He Jiankui was jailed for three years after creating the world's first gene-edited human babies. He was convicted of violating a government ban by carrying out his own experiments on human embryos, to try to give them protection against HIV. It had been thought a Nobel for this revolutionary science would not be awarded for many years because the technique is also the subject of a long-running patent battle in the US. The dispute involves Charpentier and Doudna's group at the University of California, Berkeley, and a team at MIT and Harvard's Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The disagreement centres on the use of the Crispr technique in eukaryotic cells - those cells that bundle their DNA in a nucleus. It is in such cells, which are found in higher animals, that the most profitable future applications will exist. The competing institutions claim their scientists made the crucial, most relevant advances. Emmanuelle Charpentier was born in 1968 in Juvisy-sur-Orge, France. She obtained her PhD while at the Institut Pasteur in Paris and subsequently worked at scientific institutes in the US, Austria, Sweden and Germany - in addition to her native France. Jennifer Doudna was born in 1964 in Washington DC but spent much of her childhood in Hilo, Hawaii. She was awarded her PhD by Harvard Medical School. This year is the first time any of the science prizes has been awarded to two women without a male collaborator also listed on the award. Swedish industrialist and chemist Alfred Nobel founded the prizes in his will, written in 1895 - a year before his death. Follow Paul on Twitter. Previous winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2019 - John B Goodenough, M Stanley Whittingham and Akira Yoshino share the prize for their work on lithium-ion batteries. 2018 - Discoveries about enzymes earned Frances Arnold, George P Smith and Gregory Winter the prize 2017 - Jacques Dubochet, Joachim Frank and Richard Henderson were awarded the prize for improving images of biological molecules 2016 - Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Feringa shared the prize for the making machines on a molecular scale. 2015 - Discoveries in DNA repair earned Tomas Lindahl and Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar the award. 2014 - Eric Betzig, Stefan Hell and William Moerner were awarded the prize for improving the resolution of optical microscopes. 2013 - Michael Levitt, Martin Karplus and Arieh Warshel shared the prize, for devising computer simulations of chemical processes. 2012 - Work that revealed how protein receptors pass signals between living cells and the environment won the prize for Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka.

জিন প্রকৌশলের মাধ্যমে ডিএনএ সম্পাদনার সূক্ষ্মতম কৌশল উদ্ভাবনের স্বীকৃতি হিসাবে রসায়নে নোবেল পেয়েছেন দু'জন নারী গবেষক - ফ্রান্সের এমানুয়েল শাপেনটিয়ে এবং যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের জেনিফার ডুডনা।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

By Pallab GhoshScience correspondent, BBC News Dr Anthony Beasley told the BBC that there should be greater government support for a field that has been shunned by government research funders for decades. His backing for the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence (Seti) marks a sea change in attitudes to a field regarded until recently as fringe science. Dr Beasley made his comments at the American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting in Seattle. The director of the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory in Charlottesville in Virginia said that it was now "time for Seti to come in from the cold and be properly integrated to all other areas of astronomy". Dr Beasley's comments come as one of the private sector funders of Seti research announced that the Very Large Array (VLA) observatory in New Mexico would be joining the effort to detect signs of intelligent life on other worlds. The VLA is a multi-antenna observatory and home to what is regarded as one of the best-equipped telescopes in the world. According to Dr Andrew Siemion, leader of the Breakthrough Listen science team at the University of California, Berkeley's Seti Research Centre, the incorporation of the VLA would increase the chances of finding intelligent life by "10- or even 100-fold". "We are now set for the most comprehensive all-sky survey [for extra-terrestrial intelligence] that has ever been accomplished," he told the BBC. Equally important, according to Dr Siemion, is the credibility that the VLA's involvement brings to the field. "We would like to see Seti transformed from a small cabal of scientists and engineers in California, isolated from academia to one that is as much an integral part of astronomy and astrophysics as any other field of inquiry." Breakthrough Listen is a privately funded project to search for intelligent extra-terrestrial communications throughout the universe. The 10-year project began in 2016, funded by the billionaire Yuri Milner to the tune of $100m (£77m). You might also be interested in: The UK's Astronomer Royal, Professor Lord Rees, is the chair of the organisation's international advisory group. He told the BBC that, given that the multi-billion pound Large Hadron Collider had not yet achieved its aim of finding sub-atomic particles beyond the current theory of physics, governments should consider modest funding of a few million pounds for Seti. "I'd feel far more confident arguing the case for Seti than for a particle accelerator," he said. "Seti searches are surely worthwhile, despite the heavy odds against success, because the stakes are so high". Nasa once funded the search for extra-terrestrial intelligence to the tune of $10m a year. But the funding was scrapped in 1993 following the introduction of legislation by Senator Richard Bryan, who believed it to be a waste of money. "This hopefully will be the end to the Martian hunting season at the taxpayer's expense," he said at the time. There has been no significant public funding for Seti in the US or anywhere else in the world since, although so-called astrobiology searches for evidence of simple organisms from the chemical signatures in the atmosphere's of other worlds receives increasing backing. At the time, the first few planets orbiting distant stars were discovered, but it was not known if this was the norm. We now know that it is - nearly 4,000 have been discovered to date. It is this development, according to Dr Siemion, that has persuaded many respected scientists that the search for intelligent life on other worlds should be taken more seriously. "Ever since human beings have looked up at the night sky and wondered 'is there anyone out there?' We now have the capacity to answer that question, and perhaps to make a discovery that would rank as the most profound scientific discoveries in the history of humanity".

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের একটি জাতীয় মানমন্দিরের প্রধান বলেছেন পৃথিবীর বাইরে বুদ্ধিমান প্রাণের সন্ধানের বিষয়টিতে আরো গুরুত্ব দেয়া প্রয়োজন।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent Mr Gandhi's appointment was confirmed on Monday, days after he filed his nomination papers for the post. There were no other contenders. He will officially take over on 16 December. The Congress, the country's largest opposition party, won less than 20% of the popular vote in the seismic 2014 general elections which catapulted Narendra Modi's BJP to power. It secured just 44 - or 8% - of the 543 parliamentary seats in its worst performance ever. Since then, the Congress has lost elections in half-a-dozen states, and is now in power in only two big states - Karnataka and Punjab - and three other smaller ones. Its prospects in two imminent state elections - Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh - look mixed. Voters in cities and villages have deserted the party in droves - between 2009 and 2014, the Congress lost more than 9% of the popular vote, bleeding support across castes and minorities. "It is a party bereft of a social constituency of its own," says political scientist Suhas Palshikar. The party has already gained the unenviable reputation of failing to make a comeback in states it loses. Tamil Nadu, where the Congress last won an election in 1962, and West Bengal, where it hasn't been in power since 1977, are standout examples. Key states like Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, where the Congress lost in recent elections, appear to be going the same way. So can Mr Gandhi, 47, change the fortunes of his enfeebled party? He entered public life 13 years ago, when he stood and won in his family seat of Amethi. Since then, the fifth-generation scion has been seen as a reluctant politician, aloof and disinterested in the hurly burly of politics. Mr Gandhi's elevation to the party's second most senior leader - after his mother Sonia Gandhi - in 2013 didn't improve things. He tried to reform his party by holding primaries, revitalise its flagging youth wing and running it like a corporate office. But the results have been less than impressive, and the party's slide has continued. Then something happened a few months ago. In September, Mr Gandhi went on a well-received tour of the US, meeting students, think-tank experts, government leaders, and journalists and took questions from them. He was self deprecating about his limitations - he told students at University of California, Berkeley that Mr Modi was a "better communicator" than him. His social media campaign has finally begun packing a punch. Mr Gandhi is now being seen as more open and refreshingly amusing - he tweeted a health update about his mother's illness and a video featuring his dog, which caused a sensation. Most importantly, despite his faction-ridden rag-tag army of party leaders and workers on the ground, Mr Gandhi appears to have even spiritedly picked up the gauntlet in Gujarat, Mr Modi's native state, where crucial elections are due soon. (The BJP won all the 26 seats there in the 2014 election.) On the stump, Mr Gandhi has touched a chord with voters with a persuasive campaign: he has spoken with clarity about lack of jobs, the currency ban, rising intolerance, the slowing economy, and the unfulfilled promises of Mr Modi's government. "In his new avatar", says Aarthi Ramachandran, who wrote a biography of Mr Gandhi, "he seems eager to engage with voters". Mr Gandhi's burst of enthusiasm appears to have energised the party's rank and file somewhat, but he will need a lot more political nous and strategy if he's to start winning elections. He will need to articulate a compelling economic vision to young Indians who are tired of confusing reformist platitudes. He will have to find and encourage charismatic and clean local leaders, forge winning alliances with regional parties, and make sure his party runs better governments in the states it rules. Dr Palshikar says the Congress lost the plot a long time ago when it couldn't adapt to "India's changing competitive politics" - the country moved from a dominant one-party state to a "more genuine and intense multi-party competition" and coalition politics became the key to political success. The Congress needs to be seen as a party that is not impervious to charges of corruption - a number of corruption scandals damaged the party when it was in power. All this and more is required to take on the formidable Mr Modi and the BJP's well-oiled party machinery. Many believe Mr Gandhi's toughest challenge will be to contend with the burden of his dynastic roots. They point to Mr Modi who has turned his humble origins to his political advantage. When students in the US asked him about dynastic politics, he argued that India was being led by dynasties. "That's how the country runs," he said. 'Minority appeasement' It was a frank admission, and Mr Gandhi is largely right. Regional parties in India are run by dynasts, and even the BJP is not free of them. "Research has consistently shown that Indian voters are not averse to voting for dynastic leaders," says Sanjay Kumar, political scientist and director of the Delhi-based Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS). More seriously, many voters have gravitated away from the Congress, according to Dr Kumar, because of the "growing perception that it is a party which appeases the minorities". In 2014, the party picked up only 16% of the votes cast by India's majority Hindus. A 2014 analysis by CSDS showed that six out of every 10 Congress voters were either Muslims, tribespeople, Sikhs or Christians - these groups accounted for only three in every 10 BJP voters. "His challenge is to win the hearts and minds of Hindus without becoming a poor copy of Hindutva [Hindu-ness], and to oppose Hindu nationalism without alienating Hindus," says Ajaz Ashraf, a Delhi-based analyst. A clutch of key state elections next year will truly test Mr Gandhi's mettle. "He needs a good election win to change his persona and perceptions about him," says Dr Kumar. There are other pressing questions. Will he be the prime ministerial candidate for the party in the 2019 elections? Or will he hold the party together and allow a prime ministerial candidate to emerge in time? Zoya Hasan, who has written a book on Congress, believes that "with all its faults, it represents a non-parochial idea of India". But, she adds, it is also a party which has "no ideology, only strategy". If there is one ideology that the party continues to represent, "it is the ideology of power". Waiting for Mr Modi to make the same mistakes as Congress did appears to be Mr Gandhi's best bet for seizing power in the near future. He clearly faces an uphill battle.

ভারতে কংগ্রেস পার্টির নতুন নেতা হয়েছেন রাহুল গান্ধী। এমন এক সময় তিনি ১৩২ বছরের পুরোনো এই দলের কান্ডারি হলেন - যখন দলটি ভারতের রাজনীতিতে প্রাসঙ্গিক থাকার জন্য লড়াই করছে।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Last month the 88-year-old admitted to settling a wrongful dismissal complaint in 2015 with a former employee who claims he sexually harassed her. More women have come forward to accuse Mr Conyers of sexual misconduct, but he denies any wrongdoing. He said he will endorse his son, John Conyers III, to replace him. "My legacy can't be compromised or diminished in any way by what we're going through now. This too shall pass," he told local Detroit radio host Mildred Gaddis in a phone call on Tuesday. "I want you to know that my legacy will continue through my children. I have a great family here and especially in my oldest boy, John Conyers III, who incidentally I endorsed to replace me in my seat in Congress," he added. Mr Conyers' great-nephew, Michigan state Senator Ian Conyers, had earlier told US media he would seek the embattled lawmaker's seat. It was unclear if the 29-year-old still planned to run. The announcement came a day after another woman who previously worked for the congressman accused him of groping her. The allegation made by Elisa Grubbs, who worked for Mr Conyers for more than a decade, was revealed in a sworn legal statement released by her lawyer. She said on Monday that the congressman has slid his hand up her skirt as the two sat in church together. Mr Conyers, a founding member of the Congressional Black Caucus and the longest serving current House member, has faced increasing pressure to resign after it was first revealed last month that he agreed to settle a sexual harassment case with a former employee. He acknowledged the 2015 payment of $27,000 (£20,000), but denied misconduct. Top Democrat and House Minority Leader Nancy Pelosi and her Republican counterpart, House Speaker Paul Ryan, have both called on Mr Conyers to step aside. His former deputy chief of staff also came forward with claims that he had groped her and repeatedly propositioned her for sex. Last month Mr Conyers stepped down from his post as the ranking member of the powerful House Judiciary Committee following the allegations. The House Ethics Committee has also launched an investigation into Mr Conyers. Mr Conyers, who represents the Detroit area as a Democrat, first won election in 1964 after working as a civil rights campaigner. He returned to his home district last week, where he checked himself into hospital for what family representatives said was a stress-related illness. More than 100 supporters rallied at a church in Detroit on Monday to encourage Mr Conyers to resist calls from him to step down.

আমেরিকার অন্যতম বিখ্যাত সিভিল রাইটস অ্যাক্টিভিস্ট বা নাগরিক অধিকার আন্দোলনের কর্মী জন কনইয়ার্স কংগ্রেসে নিজের পদ থেকে সরে দাঁড়িয়েছেন। তার বিরুদ্ধে যৌন হয়রানির অভিযোগ ওঠার পর তিনি এই সিদ্ধান্ত নিলেন।

দয়া করে এই ইংরেজি নিবন্ধটির সংক্ষিপ্তসার বাংলায় প্রদান করুন

A BBC report found that hundreds of children from the Uighur minority ethnic group had had both parents detained, either in camps or in prison. At the same time, China has launched a large-scale campaign to build boarding schools for Uighur children. Critics say it is an effort to isolate children from their Muslim communities. However, Chinese ambassador Liu Xiaoming dismissed this. "There's no separation of children from their parents. Not at all," the ambassador told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show on Sunday. "If you have people who have lost their children, give me names and we'll try to locate them", he added. Evidence gathered by the BBC showed that in one Xinjiang township alone more than 400 children had lost both of their parents to some form of internment. Chinese authorities claim the Uighurs are being educated in "vocational training centres" designed to combat extremism. But evidence suggests that many are being detained for simply expressing their faith - praying or wearing a veil - or for having overseas connections to places like Turkey. More than a million people are thought to be held within the system. After parents are detained, formal assessments are then carried out to determine whether the children need "centralised care". One local official told the BBC that children whose parents had been detained in camps were sent to boarding schools. "We provide accommodation, food and clothes… and we've been told by the senior level that we must look after them well," she said. But Dr Adrian Zenz, who carried out the research commissioned by the BBC, said boarding schools "provide the ideal context for a sustained cultural re-engineering of minority societies." "I think the evidence for systematically keeping parents and children apart is a clear indication that Xinjiang's government is attempting to raise a new generation cut off from original roots, religious beliefs and their own language," he said. Dozens of Uighur parents living in Turkey spoke to the BBC about their desire to be united with their missing children. "I don't know who is looking after them... there is no contact at all," one mother said. Thousands of Uighurs have moved to Turkey to do business, to visit family, or to escape China's birth control limits and what they call religious repression. Many stayed after China began detaining hundreds of thousands of Uighurs over the past three years. Mr Liu, however, described the parents who spoke to the BBC as "anti-government people". "You cannot expect a good word [from them] about the government," he said. "If they want to be with their children they can come back."

চীনের পশ্চিম শিনজিয়াং এলাকায় মুসলিম শিশুদেরকে কৌশলে তাদের বাবা-মা থেকে বিচ্ছিন্ন করার অভিযোগ অস্বীকার করেছে যুক্তরাজ্যে নিযুক্ত চীনা রাষ্ট্রদূত।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

By News from Elsewhere......as found by BBC Monitoring According to the country's Minister of Islamic Affairs, Abdul Latif Al-Sheikh, the application will allow for the monitoring of mosques, with the length and quality of sermons "assessed by the minute and second", Saudi newspaper Al-Watan reports. It's not made entirely clear who exactly will be doing the monitoring, but it's thought that regular mosque-goers will be able to rate their preacher on a number of aspects of their work. Saudi Arabia is currently mulling the reform of religious teachings, and there's been debate on unifying the content of sermons to steer people away from "foreign, partisan or Muslim Brotherhood" thought. The minister said that religion "is not a field to tamper with people's minds, nor should it compromise the security and stability of this blessed country". The Muslim Brotherhood was declared a terrorist organisation by the Saudi authorities in 2014. Toward a more liberal society? The sermon-rating app comes days after the launch of another mobile phone application in which Saudi citizens are able to rate any government service from healthcare to sports and recreation, the Sabq online newspaper reports. The Watani app is touted as "a mobile application that enables citizens, residents and visitors to evaluate public services, rate their satisfaction level, and contribute to the ongoing efforts focused on improving public services". It seems possible that users of the map-based app will be able to rate its own operator, the National Centre for Measuring the Performance of Public Agencies, as part of a national data-gathering programme to "help decision-makers come to the right choices". The current reforms in Saudi Arabia seem to be driven by Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman, whose plans to change the kingdom involve a reported return to "moderate Islam" and a gradual liberalisation of society. However, Riyadh this week said it was expelling Canada's ambassador and freezing trade ties after Ottawa called for the release of human rights activists in the kingdom. Reporting by Abdirahim Saeed and Alistair Coleman Next story: Gifts for travellers who hand in old suitcases Use #NewsfromElsewhere to stay up-to-date with our reports via Twitter.

সৌদি আরবের কর্তৃপক্ষ এমন একটি মোবাইল অ্যাপলিকেশন তৈরি করছে, যা দেশটির মসজিদের ইমামদের ধর্মীয় বয়ান পর্যবেক্ষণ করবে এবং বয়ান বেশি লম্বা হয়ে গেলে সেটি ব্যবহার করে তাদের সতর্ক করা যাবে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

President Mario Abdo Benítez, who was sworn in last month, said he wanted to help achieve "a just and durable peace" in the Middle East. In response, Israel said it would close the Israeli embassy in Paraguay. However, the Palestinian Authority said it would "immediately" open an embassy in the South American country. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said Paraguay's move had cast a shadow on the countries' relations. Why all the moving around? Paraguay's previous leader, Horacio Cartes, decided to move the embassy in Israel in May, shortly after US President Donald Trump did the same. Mr Abdo Benítez was president-elect at the time, and made clear that he did not agree with the decision. Mr Trump had unveiled the new US stance in December 2017, declaring that he recognised Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. He said he had "judged this course of action to be in the best interests of the United States of America, and the pursuit of peace between Israel and the Palestinians". Guatemala then confirmed it would also make the shift to Jerusalem, and the Czech Republic reopened its honorary consulate in the city. Why is the status of Jerusalem so contentious? Because it goes to the heart of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Mr Trump's decision to recognise Jerusalem as Israel's capital and move the US embassy was denounced by the Palestinians, who said it showed the US could not be a neutral mediator. UN member states also voted decisively at the General Assembly in favour of a resolution effectively calling the US declaration "null and void" and demanding it be cancelled. Israel regards Jerusalem as its "eternal and undivided" capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem - occupied by Israel in the 1967 Middle East war - as the capital of a future state. Israeli sovereignty over Jerusalem has never been recognised internationally, and according to the 1993 Israel-Palestinian peace accords, the final status of Jerusalem is meant to be discussed in the latter stages of peace talks. Since 1967, Israel has built a dozen settlements, home to about 200,000 Jews, in East Jerusalem. These are considered illegal under international law, though Israel disputes this.

দূতাবাস স্থানান্তরের তিনমাসের মাথায় প্যারাগুয়ের নতুন সরকার ঘোষণা দিয়েছে যে, জেরুসালেম থেকে তারা আবার দূতাবাস তেল আভিভে সরিয়ে নিতে যাচ্ছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Linda SerckBBC News Online Abderraouf Qutteineh thought he was about to meet a 14-year-old girl for sex. The 74-year-old had befriended her online and sent hundreds of increasingly explicit messages over the space of two weeks. As he waited at a railway station for his prey to arrive, he was confronted by his correspondent - a mother waging a crusade against groomers. Ms Hunter, 35, was able to hand all of her evidence to the police, who promptly arrested Qutteineh, a grandfather from Windsor. At his sentencing at Reading Crown Court, it emerged Qutteineh had been spending his spare time naked in front of a phone camera for someone he thought was a girl young enough to be his granddaughter. Because he hadn't been in trouble before, and because there hadn't in this case been a child victim, the judge decided to pass a suspended sentence. For mum-of-four Ms Hunter, though, it signalled another victory in her battle against online sex predators. Ms Hunter, from Kent, has spent nearly a year living a double life. By day she's busy with domestic chores and looking after her children. By night she becomes 14-year-old Chloe. "I get up, get the kids up, get them off to school, and then just do normal housework, catching up on washing and hoovering," she says of her daytime routine. "I'm a housewife, I've got my own children. Being a decoy who is 14 means they think I'm at school during the day. "I jump on when they believe that I've finished school to tell them I've got to do my homework and have dinner, so I can sort my own children out." Ms Hunter, along with her husband, is part of Shadow Hunters, a group of adults who pose as girls on social media and then travel the country confronting those men who arrange to meet up. They hand over all their evidence to police, who are often able to make an arrest on the spot - although police discourage such groups from these activities, arguing they can jeopardise ongoing investigations into grooming networks. The evidence collected by Shadow Hunters consists mostly of reams of chat logs in which the groomer shares his explicit fantasies of underage sex. Explaining what motivates her, Ms Hunter says: "It was always something I wanted to help with. "I'm a housewife and, apart from the usual stuff, I didn't really do much, so it was just something I wanted to do to help. "Until you become a decoy, you have no idea how many online predators there actually are out there. "Some of them are good-looking, and I think 'what are you doing'? "They just come through and I think 'please just block me', but they just carry on." The predators range from men in their 20s to ones in their 70s such as Qutteineh, who was the oldest groomer Ms Hunter has dealt with. "We didn't think he'd turn up because of his age," she says. "You get to know these people inside out; they pour everything out to you. "It wasn't anger when I confronted him... you just feel so guilty for the family, as [he told me] his wife had just come out of hospital from an appointment. "Their family, half the time, are oblivious. The next thing they know they've got the police turn up at their door to take all their devices, so you feel guilty for the family because they're victims in this as well." Since starting her crusade in August, she has chatted to more than 50 men who said they wanted to meet up for sex. "The first one I got, I came home and I cried," she says. "It was awful. There were just so many emotions all in one - relief, anger. "You build yourself up knowing you're going to be face to face with someone that believes you to be a child. "With it being my first one I didn't know what to expect, but then you're faced with the reality of what they actually do, and you feel annoyed because they're standing there and try and lie to your face. "I was nervous, I was shaking, but then the adrenaline kicks in, especially when you see him at the meet point." You might also be interested in 'Paedophile hunter' evidence used 150 times Children could get grooming 'alerts' Are 'paedophile hunters' hindering police? She says the first time she was "groomed" online it took some getting used to. "You go from not doing anything at night, just watching telly and that, to your phone constantly going off with messages. "At night it's a completely different life I lead." But now, after nearly a year, her double life is almost second nature. "It sounds silly," she says, "but I'd probably be bored now; if I wasn't doing this, I'd be lost. "I still watch all my soaps, if the kids need me I can still do that - you just make up an excuse [to the groomer] and say your mum's calling and you'll be back in a minute." She also gets plenty of support from her fellow Shadow Hunters, whom she describes as her "second family". "I'd be lost without my team," she says. "We have group calls, we have a laugh. When we need to be serious we get the job done, but we're all really close and get together, have Christmas parties. "If one of us gets [an indecent] pic that is slightly odd looking or funny then it goes straight in the group chat and we all have a laugh about it. That helps, it lightens the mood." Ms Hunter, whose Facebook profile shows a photo of a teenage girl, says there is a clear set of rules she needs to abide by to make sure any evidence she gathers will stand up in court and cannot be seen as entrapment. "We do not add anyone; they come through to us and ask for friend requests," she says. "We accept them, but we do not message them first. The first thing a decoy will say to them is their age and check that it's OK. "As a rule we tell the decoys to get their ages in at least three times in the first eight to 10 messages. "We don't lead them on, we just have a normal chat and the men incite the sexual chat, and they incite the meet. It's their choice and we don't encourage anything." Ms Hunter has shown the BBC a selection of screen grabs revealing how quickly the chats become sexual. Most of them are too explicit to be published here. One of offenders the group has caught is Peter Hicks of Stadhampton in Oxfordshire. The 48-year-old, who had a string of previous convictions for sex crimes, troubled Ms Hunter. "Peter Hicks was awful," she says. "I've had nightmares about him. The things he wanted what he believed to be a child to do were just unimaginable. "It made me feel sick as a grown woman, knowing that he thought there was a child on the other end of the screen." Ms Hunter knew Hicks had a history of child molestation, and he became a key paedophile to try to catch after the mother of a girl he had contacted posted a warning about him on social media. "It was when I knew a real child was involved that it really affected me. I spoke to the child's mum and I promised her that no matter what I would get him." Although it took a long time, she says he did eventually contact her on Facebook. Eventually, Hicks was confronted by the Shadow Hunters in Stadhampton after not showing up on three previous occasions. Appearing via video-link at Oxford Crown Court, he was sentenced to four years. During the sentencing hearing Judge Peter Ross made a point of highlighting his distaste for paedophile hunters, saying they had had "no business" confronting Hicks. But this is an attitude the Shadow Hunters shrug off; they believe the police need their help in catching those engaged in online grooming. "It is obviously the police's job but they've only got so much power in how they can deal with it," Ms Hunter says. "They've even admitted to us that they can't do it the way we do it. We can leave it to the police but until you become a decoy you have no idea how many online predators there actually are out there." A Freedom of Information request to Thames Valley Police showed that in 2017 the force recorded 10 times more crimes of "attempting to meet a child through sexual grooming" than in 2015 - from nine to 90. Recently, the BBC reported that evidence from self-styled paedophile hunters was used to charge suspects at least 150 times last year. Ms Hunter says: "We aim to work with the police, not against them. Basically, we're giving the police a full case; everything is done for them - every single bit of evidence they need." A Thames Valley Police spokesman said: "We do not encourage action of this kind as we must be very careful there is not a compromise to ongoing investigations into paedophile networks." Children's charity the NSPCC agrees, saying paedophile hunters "run the risk of driving offenders underground, endanger ongoing police work and the legal process, or result in innocent people being targeted". Last year Chief Constable Simon Bailey, the national lead for child protection at the National Police Chiefs' Council, said vigilante groups were "putting the lives of children at risk". None of this deters Ms Hunter, however. "The ones that criticise us, I just hope to God that their kids never have to go through being groomed," she says. "The things these men write would just ruin a child. "I feel the police are not doing enough to get them; they don't use the platforms we can use to get them. "If I can make a difference I will do this for as long as I can, whether the police like it or not. "I do this off my own bat. It's not a huge buzz, it's more relief that the predator is off the street. "I'm just glad it's me they're talking to, then at least it's one real child they're leaving alone." If you're worried a child is at risk, you can contact the children's social care team at his or her local council. You can choose not to give your details. You can also report any suspicions online to the Child Exploitation and Online Protection command, or call the NSPCC 24-hour helpline on 0808 800 5000 for advice. Children and young people can call Childline free on 0800 1111 where trained counsellors are available 24 hours a day, every day. *Chelsea Hunter's name has been changed.

প্রতি সন্ধ্যায় চেলসি হান্টার (কাল্পনিক নাম) তাঁর সন্তানদের স্কুল থেকে বাসায় এনে রাতের খাবার খাওয়ানোর পর ঘুম পাড়িয়ে তার আরেক জীবন শুরু করেন। পরিচয় গোপন করে স্কুলের বালিকা সেজে বয়স্ক পুরুষদের সাথে ইন্টারনেটে চ্যাট করেন তিনি।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

The Indian foreign ministry tweeted that "no such request" had been made, adding that all issues with Pakistan were "discussed only bilaterally". Mr Trump's claim that he had been asked came as he hosted Pakistan's Prime Minister Imran Khan at the White House. Both India and Pakistan claim all of Kashmir, but control only parts of it. Indian Foreign Minister S Jaishankar repeated in the parliament that Mr Trump's claims were not true. But opposition MPs have demanded that Mr Modi should address the parliament on this issue. Rahul Gandhi, who recently resigned as the chief of main opposition Congress party, tweeted that the foreign ministry's denial wasn't enough. The neighbours have fought two wars over Kashmir, and tensions flared again in the Muslim-majority territory in February leading to cross-border air strikes. Mr Trump had his first face-to-face meeting with Mr Khan on Monday at the Oval Office. Afterwards they spoke to reporters and addressed a variety of subjects. When PM Imran Khan was asked if the US could help in the 70-year-long dispute between India and Pakistan in Kashmir, he said: "Only the most powerful state headed by President Trump can bring the two countries together," according to a White House transcript. Mr Trump then added: "So I was with Prime Minister Modi two weeks ago and we talked about this subject and he actually said, 'Would you like to be a mediator, or arbitrator?' "I said 'where?' He said: 'Kashmir, because this has been going on for many, many years.' "If I can help, I would love to be a mediator," Mr Trump said. Pakistan welcomes mediation by a third party in Kashmir, while India says all issues should only be discussed bilaterally. India was quick to respond to Mr Trump's statement. "We have seen [Mr Trump's] remarks to the press. No such request has been made," said Raveesh Kumar, India's foreign ministry spokesman, in a tweet on Tuesday. "It has been India's consistent position that all outstanding issues with Pakistan are discussed only bilaterally. "Any engagement with Pakistan would require an end to cross-border terrorism." Indian politician Shashi Tharoor criticised Mr Trump's remarks, saying he did not have the "slightest idea of what he was talking about". "He has either not been briefed or not understood what Modi was saying," he said on Twitter. A military stand-off in February ratcheted up tensions between the neighbours over the region again when India ordered a pre-emptive strike on what it said was a terrorist training camp in Pakistan. It came after a terror attack in Indian-administered Kashmir where a suicide bomber killed 44 Indian paramilitary police. Since 1989, Kashmir has been convulsed by regular episodes of violence that have killed more than 70,000 people.

ভারতের প্রধানমন্ত্রী নরেন্দ্র মোদী তাকে বিতর্কিত কাশ্মীর ইস্যুতে মধ্যস্থতা করার অনুরোধ জানিয়েছেন - মার্কিন প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্পের এই ঘোষণা ভারতকে চরম বিব্রতকর অবস্থায় ফেলে দিয়েছে।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

The transport minister was picked by her Social Democratic party after its leader, Antti Rinne, quit as PM. She will be sworn in this week. She will lead a centre-left coalition with four other parties, all headed by women, three of whom are under 35. Mr Rinne stepped down after losing the confidence of a coalition member over his handling of a postal strike. When she takes office, Ms Marin will be the world's youngest sitting prime minister. New Zealand PM Jacinda Ardern is 39, while Ukrainian premier Oleksiy Honcharuk is 35. She will be the third female prime minister in the Nordic country. What is Ms Marin's background? Media reports say Sanna Marin was raised in a "rainbow family", living in a rented apartment with her mother and her mother's female partner. She told the Menaiset website (in Finnish) in 2015 that as a child she felt "invisible" because she was unable to talk openly about her family. But she said her mother had always been supportive and made her believe she could do anything she wanted. She was the first person in her family to go to university. Ms Marin rose quickly through the ranks of the Social Democrats, heading the city administration in Tampere at the age of 27 and becoming an MP in 2015. She has been transport and communications minister since June and has a 22-month-old daughter. Bubbling to the surface Analysts say it may be a coincidence that Finland now has a female prime minister and four party leaders in the ruling coalition who are women, but gender equality is a big issue in Finland and women in Finnish politics have been bubbling under for a long time. A couple of decades ago, researchers noticed that many parties had young women in prominent positions, either second or third in command, Reetta Siukola, development manager at the Centre for Gender Equality Information, told the BBC. There have been two female prime ministers this century, though both were short-lived. Indeed women, especially younger women, have always been active in Finnish politics, and in recent years the public has come to expect 40% or more women ministers in its governments. That changed in 2015, when the relatively male-dominated centre-right government of Juha Sipila took power - only 36% of its ministers were female. Combined with the rise of the #MeToo movement worldwide, this was a huge wake-up call for gender equality advocates prompting a very active civil society discussion, Ms Siukola says. What direction is Ms Marin likely to take? There are unlikely to be any major policy changes, as the coalition agreed a programme when it took office. However, Ms Marin, who won the vote for prime minister by a narrow margin, made it clear it would not be business as usual. "We have a lot of work to do to rebuild trust," she told reporters. She brushed away questions about her age, saying: "I have never thought about my age or gender. I think of the reasons I got into politics and those things for which we have won the trust of the electorate." The Social Democrats emerged as the largest party in elections held in April, and so can appoint the prime minister who leads the coalition government. Mr Rinne stepped down after a plan to cut wages for hundreds of postal workers led to widespread strikes. Coalition member, the Centre Party, said it had lost confidence in him. However, he is as yet still leader of the Social Democrats. Meanwhile, the Centre Party said Katri Kulmuni would be named as finance minister. The 32-year-old took over as its leader in September. The other three leaders were ministers in Mr Rinne's government and are expected to continue in their posts - the Left Alliance's Li Andersson as education minister; Green leader Maria Ohisalo as interior minister; and Anna-Maja Henriksson of the Swedish People's Party as justice minister. Finland currently holds the European Union's rotating presidency, and MPs are likely to approve the new government ahead of the EU summit in Brussels on 12 December. You might also be interested in:

সান্না ম্যারিনের বয়স মাত্র ৩৪ এবং তিনিই হতে যাচ্ছেন বিশ্বের সবচেয়ে কমবয়সী প্রধানমন্ত্রী।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Soutik BiswasIndia correspondent However, it is not yet known how far it has spread or whether it is driving the deadly second wave of Covid in India itself. What is the India variant? Viruses mutate all the time, producing different versions or variants of themselves. Most of these mutations are insignificant - and some may even make the virus less dangerous - but others can make it more contagious and harder to vaccinate against. This variant - officially known as B.1.617 - was first detected in India in October. How far has it spread? Sample testing is not widespread enough across India to determine how far or quickly the variant is spreading. It was detected in 220 out of 361 Covid samples collected between January and March in the western Indian state of Maharashtra. Meanwhile, it has been spotted in at least 21 countries, according to the GISAID global database. International travel appears to have brought the variant to the UK, where 103 cases have been identified since 22 February. Most travellers from India have now been banned from coming to the UK. And Public Health England has listed the India variant as one of several "variants under investigation" but does not so far consider it serious enough to be classified as a "variant of concern". Is it more infectious or dangerous? Scientists do not yet know whether this variant is more infectious or resistant to vaccines. Dr Jeremy Kamil, a virologist at Louisiana State University, says one of its mutations is similar to those seen in variants identified in South Africa and Brazil. And this mutation may help the virus evade antibodies in the immune system that can fight coronavirus based on experience from prior infection or a vaccine. But what appears to be more worrying at the moment is a variant identified in the UK, which is dominant in Britain and has spread to more than 50 countries. "I doubt whether the Indian variant is more infectious than the UK variant - and we must not panic," Dr Kamil says. Why is so little known about it? Much of the data around the India variant is incomplete, scientists say, with very few samples being shared - 298 in India and 656 worldwide, compared with more than 384,000 sequences of the UK variant. And after the first recorded cases in India, fewer than 400 cases of the variant have been detected worldwide, Dr Kamil says. Is it driving the second wave in India? India has been reporting about 200,000 Covid cases daily since 15 April - well beyond its peak of 93,000 cases a day last year. Deaths too have been rising. "India's high population and density is a perfect incubator for this virus to experiment with mutations," says Ravi Gupta, a professor of clinical microbiology at the University of Cambridge. However, the wave of cases in India could have been caused by large gatherings, and lack of preventive measures such as mask-wearing or social distancing. Dr Jeffrey Barrett, from the Wellcome Sanger Institute, says it is possible there could also be a cause-and-effect relationship with the new variant, but there is still a lack of evidence. He points out that the India variant has been around since late last year: "If it is driving the wave in India it has taken several months to get to this point which would suggest it's probably less transmissible than the Kent B117 variant." Will vaccines still work? Scientists believe existing vaccines will help control the variant when it comes to preventing severe disease. Some variants will inevitably escape the current vaccines, according to a paper published in Nature by Prof Gupta and his fellow researchers. As a result, changes to vaccine design will be needed to make them more effective. However, the vaccinations now available are still likely to slow down the spread of the disease. "For most people, these vaccines can mean the difference between little to no disease and ending up in the hospital with a risk of dying," says Dr Kamil. "Please take the first vaccine you are offered. Do not make the mistake of hesitating and waiting for an ideal vaccine."

ভারতে শনাক্ত করোনাভাইরাসের একটি ভ্যারিয়েন্ট বা ধরন এখন সারা বিশ্বের বিজ্ঞানীরা পরীক্ষা-নিরীক্ষা করে দেখছেন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By James GallagherHealth and science correspondent It is the only ethnic group to have a raised risk of death in hospital and is partly due to high levels of diabetes. The study is hugely significant as it assessed data from four-in-10 of all hospital patients with Covid-19. The researchers said policies such as protecting people at work and who gets a vaccine may now need to change. Twenty-seven institutions across the UK, including universities and public health bodies, as well as 260 hospitals, were involved in the study. The findings have been made public online ahead of being formally published in a medical journal. However, the results were passed onto the UK government's scientific advisory group - Sage - more than a month ago. The study tells us only what happens once somebody is admitted to hospital, not whether they were more likely to catch the virus. It looked at nearly 35,000 Covid-19 patients in 260 hospitals across England, Scotland and Wales up until the middle of May. "South Asians are definitely more likely to die from Covid-19 in hospital, but we don't see a strong effect in the black group," Prof Ewen Harrison, from the University of Edinburgh, told the BBC. People from South Asian backgrounds were 20% more likely to die than white people. Other minority ethnic groups did not have a higher death rate. The study, the largest of its type in the world, shows: The study also reveals profound differences in who is needing hospital care based on ethnicity. "The South Asian population in hospital looks completely different to the white population," Prof Harrison said. He added: "They're 12 years younger on average, that's a massive difference, and they tend not to have dementia, obesity or lung disease, but very high levels of diabetes." Around 40% of South Asian patients had either type 1 or type 2 diabetes compared with 25% of white groups. Diabetes has a dual effect of increasing the risk of infection and damaging the body's organs, which may affect the ability to survive a coronavirus infection. This is thought to be a major factor in increasing the death rate in people of South Asian ethnicity, but the full picture has not yet been uncovered. Other explanations could include poverty or subtle genetic differences that increase the risk of serious infection, the researchers say. The report says ethnicity may now need to be considered alongside age and other health issues when deciding who gets a vaccine if one becomes available. The same issue crops up in deciding who should be shielding and whether some people need extra protection in the workplace. "It does have far-reaching implications that are difficult to grapple with," Prof Harrison told the BBC. "Should there be a different policy for a frontline South Asian nurse to a white nurse - that's what's really tricky." The study showed all ethnic minorities were more likely to need intensive care than people from white backgrounds. This may be partly due to the disease becoming more severe. However, another factor is white people were older and sicker so ventilation in intensive care may not be an option. The differences, however, were not about access to healthcare. The report showed that all ethnicities arrived in hospital in roughly the same stage of Covid-19 suggesting there is no delay in getting help between ethnicities. Earlier work by Public Health England showed people of Bangladeshi heritage were dying at twice the rate of white people, while other black, Asian and minority ethnic groups had between 10% and 50% higher risk of death. Although that did not account for other factors such as occupation, health problems and obesity. Vitamin D and heart disease? Meanwhile, work by Queen Mary University of London has suggested heart disease and vitamin D levels do not explain the increased risk of coronavirus in black, Asian and minority ethnic people. Both had been suggested as potential explanations for the greater risk in some groups. The researchers used data from the UK Biobank study. It is following people throughout their lives, including during the pandemic, and has detailed personal and medical information on people taking part. It did not look at deaths, rather who was testing positive for the virus in hospital. Their study, published in the Journal of Public Health, showed weight, poverty and crowded homes all contributed to a higher chance of having the virus. Researchers Dr Zahra Raisi-Estabragh and Prof Steffen Petersen told the BBC: "Although some of the factors we studied appeared important, none of them adequately explained the ethnicity differences." Even after taking them into account, people from ethnic minorities were still 59% more likely to test positive than those from white backgrounds and the reason remains unknown. Dr Raisi-Estabragh and Prof Petersen added: "This is a really important question and one that we need to address urgently. "There are a wide range of possible explanations including sociological, economic, occupational and other biological factors such as different genetic susceptibilities that need to be considered." Follow James on Twitter

ব্রিটেনে চালানো এক জরিপে দেখা গেছে যে, করোনাভাইরাস আক্রান্ত হলে দক্ষিণ এশীয় বংশোদ্ভূতদেরই মারা যাবার সম্ভাবনা সবচেয়ে বেশি, এবং তার একটি কারণ ডায়াবেটিস।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By The Visual and Data Journalism TeamBBC News The northern states of Roraima, Acre, Rondônia and Amazonas have been particularly badly affected. Huge fires have also been burning across the border in Bolivia, devastating swaths of the country's tropical forest and savannah. So what's happening exactly and how bad are the fires? There have been a lot of fires this year Brazil - home to more than half the Amazon rainforest - has seen a high number of fires in 2019, Brazilian space agency data suggests. The National Institute for Space Research (Inpe) says its satellite data shows an 76% increase on the same period in 2018. The official figures show more than 87,000 forest fires were recorded in Brazil in the first eight months of the year - the highest number since 2010. That compares with 49,000 in the same period in 2018. Nasa, which provides Inpe with its active fire data, confirmed recordings from its satellite sensors also indicated 2019 had been the most active year for almost a decade. However, 2019 is not the worst year in recent history. Brazil experienced more fire activity in the 2000s - with 2005 seeing more than 142,000 fires in the first eight months of the year. Forest fires are common in the Amazon during the dry season, which runs from July to October. They can be caused by naturally occurring events, such as lightning strikes, but this year most are believed to have been started by farmers and loggers clearing land for crops or grazing. There had been a noticeable increase in large, intense, and persistent fires along major roads in the central Brazilian Amazon, said Douglas Morton, head of the Biospheric Sciences Laboratory at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center. The timing and location of the fires were more consistent with land clearing than with regional drought, he added. Activists say the anti-environment rhetoric of Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro has encouraged such tree-clearing activities since he came into power in January. In response to criticism at home and abroad, Mr Bolsonaro announced he was banning setting fires to clear land for 60 days. The president has also accepted an offer of four planes to fight the fires from the Chilean government and has deployed 44,000 soldiers to seven states to combat the fires. However, he has refused a G7 offer of $22m (£18m) following a dispute with French President Emmanuel Macron. The north of Brazil has been badly affected Most of the worst-affected regions are in the north of the country. Roraima, Acre, Rondônia and Amazonas all saw a large percentage increase in fires when compared with the average across the last four years (2015-2018). Roraima saw a 141% increase, Acre 138%, Rondônia 115% and Amazonas 81%. Mato Grosso do Sul, further south, saw a 114% increase. Amazonas, the largest state in Brazil, has declared a state of emergency. Deliberate deforestation? The recent increase in the number of fires in the Amazon is directly related to intentional deforestation and not the result of an extremely dry season, according to the Amazon Environmental Research Institute (Ipam). Ipam's director Ane Alencar said fires were often used as a way of clearing land for cattle ranches after deforesting operations. "They cut the trees, leave the wood to dry and later put fire to it, so that the ashes can fertilise the soil," she told the Mongabay website. While the exact scale of deforestation in the rainforest will only be certain when 2019 figures are published at the end of the year, preliminary data suggests there has been a significant rise already this year. Monthly data shows the scale of the areas cleared has been creeping up since January, but with a spike in July this year - almost 278% higher than in July 2018, according to Inpe. Inpe tracks suspected deforestation in real-time using satellite data, sending out alerts to flag areas that may have been cleared. More than 10,000 alerts were sent out in July alone. The record number of fires also coincides with a sharp drop in fines being handed out for environmental violations, BBC analysis has found. The fires are emitting large amounts of smoke and carbon Plumes of smoke from the fires have spread across the Amazon region and beyond. According to the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (Cams), a part of the European Union's Earth observation programme, the smoke has been travelling as far as the Atlantic coast. The fires have been releasing a large amount of carbon dioxide, the equivalent of 228 megatonnes so far this year, according to Cams, the highest since 2010. They are also emitting carbon monoxide - a gas released when wood is burned and does not have much access to oxygen. Maps from Cams show this carbon monoxide - a pollutant that is toxic at high levels - being carried beyond South America's coastlines. The Amazon basin - home to about three million species of plants and animals, and one million indigenous people - is crucial to regulating global warming, with its forests absorbing millions of tonnes of carbon every year. But when trees are cut or burned, the carbon they are storing is released into the atmosphere and the rainforest's capacity to absorb carbon is reduced. There were more fires in the mid-2000s While the number of fires in Brazil is at its highest level for almost a decade, the data suggests that Brazil - and the wider Amazon region - has experienced more intense burning in the past. An analysis of Nasa satellite data this month indicated that the total fire activity in 2019 across the Amazon, not just Brazil, is close to the average when compared with a longer 15 year period. Figures from Brazil's Inpe, dating back to 1998, also show the country suffered worse periods of fire activity in the 2000s. Reports in mid-August, including on the BBC, had said there were a record number of fires in Brazil this year. Inpe has since made more data easily accessible, showing how far back its records stretched. We have now amended our reports to reflect this information. Inpe's historic figures are backed by numbers from Cams, which show total CO2 equivalent emissions - used to measure of the amount and intensity of fire activity - were also higher in Brazil the mid-2000s. Other countries have also been affected A number of other countries in the Amazon basin - an area spanning 7.4m sq km (2.9m sq miles) - have also seen a high number of fires this year. Venezuela has experienced the second-highest number, with more than 26,000 fires, with Bolivia coming in third, with more than 19,000. This is a rise of 79% on last year. Peru, in fifth place, has seen a rise of 92%. The size of the fires in Bolivia is estimated to have doubled since late last week. About one million hectares - or more than 3,800 square miles - are affected. Bolivia has hired a Boeing 747 "supertanker" from the US to drop water, and accepted an offer of aid from G7 leaders. Extra emergency workers have also been sent to the region, and sanctuaries are being set up for animals escaping the flames. South American countries are planning to meet in the Colombian city of Leticia next week to discuss a co-ordinated response to the fires. By Lucy Rodgers, Nassos Stylianou, Clara Guibourg, Mike Hills and Dominic Bailey. Design by Mark Bryson.

ব্রাজিলে আমাজনের জঙ্গলে হাজার হাজার জায়গায় আগুন জ্বলছে। গত এক দশকে এত ব্যাপক মাত্রায় সেখানে দাবানল সৃষ্টি হয়নি।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

By Flora DruryBBC News The vast majority were members of Jamiat Ulema-e Islam Fazal-ur-Rehman (JUI-F), one of Pakistan's largest Islamist parties, travelling from all over the country to try to oust the cricketer-turned-politician. But as eye-catching as they were, there was something else more noticeable: the lack of any women. Their absence, however, was not a mistake: pamphlets released before the Azadi (freedom) march set off last Sunday told women to stay at home to "fast and pray". It worked. BBC Urdu reporters say not a single woman was part of the JUI-F convoy as it wound its way around Pakistan over the course of the next five days. Then, as it reached the capital for a mass rally alongside other opposition parties on Friday, another command was rumoured to have been sent out: female reporters were reportedly banned from covering the event. Some found themselves blocked from entering, while others said they were harassed to the point where they had no choice but to leave. "A man came and started saying women aren't allowed, women CANNOT be here. Leave! Slowly but in a minute's time a crowd of men encircled us and started chanting the slogans, we had to leave," tweeted journalist Shiffa Z Yousafzai.. JUI-F leader Maulana Fazlur Rehman was quick to say they had a "lot of respect for our women" and that female journalists could attend the rally in "full dress code", APP news agency reported. Meanwhile, Naeema Kishwar Khan, who represents JUI-F in the Provincial Assembly of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, denied women had been formally banned and defended the lack of female representation. "If you look in the army, there are men in the front, and women provide medical help behind," she told BBC Urdu. "Our movement is like a war, the situation is deteriorating. If not, women would not be behind." According to BBC Urdu reporters, the women who did attend - some of whom were linked to the other opposition parties taking part - kept a low profile. On social media, the outcry began to grow. But journalist Benazir Shah shrugged it off. "I see this is for the better," she told BBC Urdu. "The women of this country do not need to be part of a battle between two men and their egos, which is what this march is, a power play between two men. "This march is not a movement for social change, as the one the world is witnessing in Lebanon, which has the equal participation of women and men. JUI-F aims to remove a democratically elected government and it uses whatever foul play it can to do so, such as religion. "The women of this country should not be on the wrong side of history." What is the march actually about? This is the first major challenge to Mr Khan, led by his long-term rival, Maulana Fazlur Rehman and backed by other prominent opposition parties. On Friday, they gave the PM 48 hours to step down. Mr Khan has been hit by claims his election win in 2018 was unfair. An EU observer mission overseeing Pakistan's election in 2018 found no evidence of vote rigging but a "lack of equality of opportunity" for each party in the run up to the election. Marchers are also angry with Mr Khan over the state of the economy, which is putting a financial strain on the people he promised to help. "They have not come to power on the public's mandate but on someone else's direction... they won't work for the public, rather they will only please their selectors," Mr Rehman told supporters. However, some analysts have suggested Mr Rehman has different reasons for the march. A canny political operator, he has played a role in government for years - until he lost his seat last year. He is also no stranger to the headlines - publicly doubting the shooting of Nobel Prize winner Malala Yousafzai back in 2012, and then calling for a "people's court" to retry Asia Bibi, the Christian woman wrongly sentenced to death for blasphemy, after she was freed from jail. Columnist Arifa Noor told AFP: "He's been left out of a game and he thinks he's been cheated out of his rightful place." What does the lack of female participation suggest? On the surface, it doesn't look good. But the JUI-F is a very particular case. "I wouldn't say that because women have been asked to sit out a march by a right-wing party, it means that they have been excluded from politics altogether," Ms Shah told the BBC. "The JUI-F has never been a pro-women party. They have opposed the honour killing bill, the women protection act and more recently a bill against child marriages. "We should be more worried about what the other three political parties are doing to include women and especially the ruling party. The federal cabinet has a paltry representation of women. In Punjab, there are only two women in the provincial cabinet."

মুখে দাড়ি, হাতে সাদা-কালো পতাকা আর হলুদ রঙের পোশাক পড়ে রাজধানী ইসলামাবাদে বিক্ষোভে নেমেছেন হাজার হাজার মানুষ। উদ্দেশ্য, প্রধানমন্ত্রী ইমরান খানকে ক্ষমতা থেকে অপসারণ।

এই ইংরেজি প্রবন্ধটি বাংলা ভাষায় সংক্ষেপে অনুবাদ করুন

Donald Trump pulled the US out of a multi-country deal that suspended sanctions on Iran while limiting its nuclear activities. After saying the deal was "defective at its core", he placed more sanctions on Iran. Iran responded with frustration, but it now appears to be engaging in a more off-the-cuff manner. On Friday, Iran's Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei was pictured in a post on his Instagram feed at the Tehran Book Fair. Nothing unusual there, but in one image he was seen reading a Persian-language edition of Michael Wolff's book Fire and Fury, which claims that life in the White House is chaotic. The US president described the book as "fiction" and Mr Wolff as a "fraud". When the book was released in January, it was described as a "bombshell" by commentators as it raised doubts over Mr Trump's mental health. It claimed that Mr Trump pursued friends' wives and that his daughter Ivanka would mock his hairstyle behind his back. The photo was posted just days after Iran's President Hassan Rouhani appeared to troll the US in the wake of Mr Trump's decision to pull out of the deal. The deal with Iran's government was signed by Mr Trump's predecessor, Barack Obama. It was agreed between Iran and the five permanent members of the UN Security Council - the US, UK, France, China and Russia - plus Germany. On Wednesday, Ayatollah Khameni said Mr Trump had "made a mistake" in deciding to leave a multi-country nuclear deal. "I said from the first day: don't trust America," Mr Khamenei said. On a visit to Tehran's book fair - which began on 2 May and closes on Saturday - the Shia religious leader cut a jovial figure as he spoke with store-holders and read books.

দিন কয়েক আগে আমেরিকা ও ইরানের মধ্যে সম্পর্কে গুরুতর অবনতি ঘটেছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

Protesters hurled stones at the police at Damascus Gate in the Old City, and officers responded with stun grenades, rubber bullets and water cannon. Palestinian medics said 90 Palestinians were wounded. Israeli police said at least one officer was hurt. It follows days of simmering unrest over possible evictions of Palestinians from land claimed by Jewish settlers. On Friday, more than 200 Palestinians and at least 17 Israeli police were wounded in skirmishes near Al-Aqsa mosque, emergency workers and police said. Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque complex is one of Islam's most revered sites, but its location is also the holiest site in Judaism, known as the Temple Mount. The complex is a frequent flashpoint for violence, but Friday's was among the worst in years. The Quartet of Middle East negotiators - the US, the EU, Russia and the UN - on Saturday expressed "deep concern" over the spiralling violence. Neighbouring Jordan, meanwhile, condemned the actions of Israeli special forces and police, describing the violence towards the mosque and worshippers as "barbaric" in a government statement. In a separate development on Saturday, Israel's military said a rocket was fired by Palestinian militants from the Hamas-run Gaza Strip into Israel. "In response, our aircraft just struck a Hamas military post in southern Gaza," the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) tweeted. The IDF did not provide any more details, but Israeli media reported that the rocket landed in an open field causing no injuries or damage. Saturday's clashes broke out at Damascus Gate after tens of thousands of worshippers had prayed at Al-Aqsa mosque for Laylat al-Qadr, the most holy night in the Muslim month of Ramadan. The Palestinian Red Crescent said at least 90 Palestinians were hurt, and 14 were taken to hospital. Earlier on Saturday, Israeli police had stopped dozens of buses carrying worshippers to the mosque, and a number of Palestinians were arrested after Friday's violence. "They do not want us to pray. There is a fight every day, every day there are clashes. Every day there are troubles," Mahmoud al-Marbua, 27, told Reuters news agency. Israel's Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu said his country was acting responsibly to ensure law and order while maintaining freedom of worship. Palestinian leader Mahmoud Abbas condemned what he said were Israel's "sinful attacks". What's the background to this? Israel has occupied East Jerusalem since the 1967 Middle East war and considers the entire city its capital, though this is not recognised by the vast majority of the international community. Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the future capital of a hoped-for independent state. Tensions have been rising over the threatened eviction of Palestinian families in East Jerusalem's Shaikh Jarrah district. The UN says Israel should call off any evictions and employ "maximum restraint in the use of force" against protesters. The League of Arab States has called on the international community to intervene to prevent any forced evictions. Israel's Supreme Court is expected to hold a hearing on the long-running legal case on Monday.

দ্বিতীয় রাতের মতো জেরুজালেমে পুলিশ এবং ফিলিস্তিনিদের মধ্যে সহিংসতা চলেছে, যাতে অনেক মানুষ আহত হয়েছে বলে জানা যাচ্ছে।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Dawood AzamiBBC World Service Russia and the Taliban, who are historic foes, deny the charges. They come amid what some observers see as a "new Cold War" - so how much truth is there to the US claims? What is the US alleging? In a BBC interview in late March, the commander of US forces in Afghanistan Gen John Nicholson alleged that Russian weapons were being smuggled across the Tajik border to the Taliban. He accused Russia of exaggerating the number of Islamic State (IS) fighters in Afghanistan "to legitimise the actions of the Taliban and provide some degree of support to the Taliban". "We've had weapons brought to this headquarters and given to us by Afghan leaders and [they] said, this was given by the Russians to the Taliban," he said. Some Afghan police and military officials told the BBC that the Russian military equipment includes night-vision goggles, medium and heavy machine guns, and small arms. Who agrees? US officials have accused Moscow of supporting the Taliban for more than a year. In December 2016 Gen Nicholson criticised Russia and Iran for establishing links with the Taliban and "legitimising" the group. Since then a number of high-ranking US officials, mainly military, have made similar claims, some suggesting Russia is also arming the Taliban. But a number of US and Nato officials have been more cautious. Testifying at a Senate hearing in May 2017, US Defense Intelligence Agency Director Lt-Gen Vincent R Stewart said: "I have not seen real physical evidence of weapons or money being transferred." US Defense Secretary James Mattis told the House Armed Services Committee in October 2017 that he wanted to see more evidence about the level of Russian support for the Taliban, adding that what he had seen "doesn't make sense". Nato Secretary General Jens Stoltenberg is on record saying, in July 2017, "we haven't seen any proofs, any confirmed information about that kind of support". For its part Tajikistan has denied funnelling Russian weapons to the Taliban, calling Gen Nicholson's claim "groundless". What's the view of Afghan officials? The Afghan authorities have also given contradictory statements. A few provincial officials have been explicit in alleging Moscow's military support for the Taliban. But the spokesman for Afghanistan's chief executive officer (CEO) said in May 2017 that there was no evidence. Last October President Ashraf Ghani publicly taunted the Taliban for accepting Russian guns. However, his defence minister said the following month that such reports were just "rumours" and "we don't have evidence". What do Russia and the Taliban say? Moscow and the Taliban deny the US claims that they are working together. They separately rejected Gen Nicholson's comments to the BBC, saying he had no evidence. The Russian embassy in Kabul and the foreign ministry in Moscow dismissed such claims as "baseless" and "idle gossip". A Taliban spokesman said they had not "received military assistance from any country". Moscow has repeatedly accused the US and Nato of trying to blame Russia for their "failures" and worsening security in Afghanistan. Russian officials and politicians have even implied that the US and Nato support IS in Afghanistan; a charge the US vehemently denies and most observers find incredible. Do Russia and the Taliban acknowledge links? Russia denies materially supporting the insurgents but acknowledges "contacts" with the Taliban. According to some Taliban sources, a communication channel between Moscow and the Taliban was established almost a decade ago, following the Taliban's removal from power by the US in 2001. But ties between Moscow and the Taliban have improved significantly over the past three years, especially since the establishment of the so-called "IS Khorasan" group in Afghanistan in January 2015. Taliban sources confirm their representatives have met Russian officials inside Russia and "other" countries several times. As part of these new "links", some Taliban expected sophisticated weapons from Russia that could dramatically turn the Afghan war in their favour - anti-aircraft guns and missiles that could challenge US air supremacy; similar to the surface-to-air Stinger missile the US provided to the Afghan resistance fighters during the Soviet-Afghan war in the 1980s. So far this remains wishful thinking on the part of the Taliban mainly for two reasons - such weapons could be easily traced back to the source and US-Russia relations are not that bad to justify such a drastic measure. What do the Taliban gain from Russia? For the Taliban, moral and political support by a major regional power is more important than the light weapons they say are widely available in Afghanistan and can be bought on the black market in the wider region. Taliban diplomatic outreach also extends to building relations with China and Iran. This is a morale-booster and has strengthened Taliban conviction in the "legitimacy" of their struggle to oust US-led forces from Afghanistan. The fact that Russia and Iran are accused of supporting the Taliban challenges the narrative that the militants are solely dependent on Pakistan. From enemies to frenemies? Softening its approach towards the Afghan Taliban is a dramatic and somehow unexpected shift for Russia. Almost all founding members of the Taliban movement were part of the mujahideen, which fought against the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan in the 1980s. During the factional war that followed the Soviet pullout, Russia provided financial and military support to groups opposed to the Taliban. But after the US invasion of Afghanistan following the 9/11 attacks in the US, the Taliban apparently saw an opportunity to work with Russia. Russia now no longer sees the Taliban as a pressing security threat. Instead, policymakers in Moscow view the group as a reality in Afghanistan which cannot be ignored. In March 2017, President Putin's special envoy for Afghanistan, Zamir Kabulov, even said the Taliban's demand for the withdrawal of foreign troops from Afghanistan was "justified" and criticised the long-term presence of US and Nato forces in the country. What does Russia gain? There are three major reasons for Russia-Taliban links. Firstly, Russian officials say these contacts are aimed at ensuring the security of Russian citizens and political offices in Afghanistan, especially in areas where the resurgent Taliban have expanded their territorial control in recent years. At least two Russians were captured by the Afghan Taliban on two separate occasions, in 2013 and 2016, when their helicopters crashed in Taliban-controlled areas. Both were released after lengthy negotiations. Secondly, the emergence of IS in Afghanistan prompted fears in Moscow that the group may expand into Central Asia and Russia. The Afghan Taliban have been fighting against IS in Afghanistan and repeatedly assured neighbouring countries, that unlike IS, their armed struggle is limited to Afghanistan. In December 2015, the Russian president's special representative to Afghanistan, Zamir Kabulov, declared that "the Taliban interest objectively coincides with ours" in the fight against IS. Russia has also suggested the possibility of staging a Syrian-style intervention in Afghanistan if IS gained strength and became a "serious threat" to the stability of Central Asian countries on the pretext of protecting its "backyard". However, US officials say Moscow uses the IS presence as an excuse to justify its meddling in Afghanistan and to further grow its military influence in Central Asia. Thirdly, Russian officials insist the Afghan conflict needs a political, not a military, solution. They have grown increasingly frustrated by and suspicious of the US strategy that has not so far stabilised Afghanistan after 16 years of fighting. Moscow says the contacts are intended to encourage the Taliban to enter peace talks. What's the effect on the Afghan conflict? A resurgent Russia under President Putin has been pushing for influence in Afghanistan, in moves seen as part of an effort to ensure a seat for Moscow at the top table in any future arrangement in the country. This comes at a time when US-Russian relations are at a low point and the geopolitical situation is changing fast. Moscow's increasingly assertive stance is linked to US-Russian tensions in other parts of the world, especially Ukraine and Syria. By establishing links with the Taliban, Moscow seems to be aiming to pressurise and even undermine the US and Nato. Meanwhile, as the rift between Washington and Islamabad grows, Russia and Pakistan are building diplomatic and military relations after decades of hostility. Moscow's reappearance in Afghan affairs is largely designed to irritate the Americans. The persistent accusations traded by the former Cold War powers has to be seen in the context of a wider blame game. Their rivalry is complicating the conflict in Afghanistan, where the number of actors is increasing. This has renewed fears of a "new Great Game", with Afghanistan once more a battlefield for regional and international players. A way out of the decades-long quagmire appears as far off as ever.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্র অভিযোগ করছে, রাশিয়া তালেবানদের সহায়তা করে আফগানিস্তানকে অস্থিতিশীল করে তোলার চেষ্টা করছে। এমনকি তালেবানকে অস্ত্র সরবরাহ করছে রাশিয়া, যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের কর্মকর্তাদের অভিযোগ।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By Secunder Kermani and Mahfouz ZubaideBBC News, Balkh district Perfumed and in a black turban, he's a veteran member of the group, having first joined the militants in the 1990s when they ruled over the majority of the country. The Taliban have arranged a display of force for us. Lined up on either side of the street are heavily armed men, one carrying a rocket propelled grenade launcher, another an M4 assault rifle captured from US forces. Balkh was once one of the more stable parts of the country; now it's become one of the most violent. Baryalai, a local military commander with a ferocious reputation, points down the road, "the government forces are just there by the main market, but they can't leave their bases. This territory belongs to the mujahideen". It's a similar picture across much of Afghanistan: the government controls the cities and bigger towns, but the Taliban are encircling them, with a presence in large parts of the countryside. The militants assert their authority through sporadic checkpoints along key roads. As Taliban members stop and question passing cars, Aamir Sahib Ajmal, the local head of the Taliban's intelligence service, tells us they're searching for people linked to the government. "We will arrest them, and take them prisoner," he says. "Then we hand them over to our courts and they decide what will happen next." The Taliban believe victory is theirs. Sitting over a cup of green tea, Haji Hekmat proclaims, "we have won the war and America has lost". The decision by US President Joe Biden to delay the withdrawal of remaining US forces to September, meaning they will remain in the country past the 1 May deadline agreed last year, has sparked a sharp reaction from the Taliban's political leadership. Nonetheless, momentum seems to be with the militants. "We are ready for anything," says Haji Hekmat. "We are totally prepared for peace, and we are fully prepared for jihad." Sitting next to him, a military commander adds: "Jihad is an act of worship. Worship is something that, however much of it you do, you don't get tired." For the past year, there has been an apparent contradiction in the Taliban's "jihad". They stopped attacks on international forces following the signing of an agreement with the US, but continued to fight with the Afghan government. Haji Hekmat, though, insists there is no contradiction. "We want an Islamic government ruled by the Sharia. We will continue our jihad until they accept our demands." On whether or not the Taliban would be willing to share power with other Afghan political factions, Haji Hekmat defers to the group's political leadership in Qatar. "Whatever they decide we will accept," he repeatedly says. The Taliban don't see themselves as a mere rebel group, but as a government-in-waiting. They refer to themselves as the "Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan," the name they used when in power from 1996 until being overthrown in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks. Now, they have a sophisticated "shadow" structure, with officials in charge of overseeing everyday services in the areas they control. Haji Hekmat, the Taliban mayor, takes us on a tour. We're shown a primary school, filled with young boys and girls scribbling in UN-donated textbooks. While in power in the 1990s, the Taliban banned female education, though they often deny that. Even now, there are reports that in other areas older girls are not allowed to attend classes. But here at least the Taliban say they're actively encouraging it. "As long as they wear hijab, it's important for them to study," says Mawlawi Salahuddin, in charge of the Taliban's local education commission. In secondary schools, he says, only female teachers are allowed, and the veil is mandatory. "If they follow the Sharia, there is no problem." Local sources told us the Taliban removed art and citizenship classes from the curriculum, replacing them with Islamic subjects, but otherwise follow the national syllabus. So do the Taliban send their own daughters to school? "My daughter's very young, but when she grows up, I will send her to school and the madrassa, as long as it's implementing the hijab and Sharia," says Salahuddin. The government pays the salaries of staff, but the Taliban are in charge. It's a hybrid system in place across the country. At a nearby health clinic, run by an aid organisation, it's a similar story. The Taliban allow female staff to work, but they must have a male chaperone at night, and the male and female patients have been segregated. Contraception and information about family planning is readily available. The Taliban clearly want us to see them in a more positive light. When we drive past a crowd of schoolgirls making their way home, Haji Hekmat gestures excitedly, proud to be contradicting our expectations. Concerns over the Taliban's views on women's rights remain, however. The group has no female representation at all, and in the 1990s prevented women from working outside the home. Driving through the villages in Balkh district, we do see plenty of women, not all of whom are wearing the all-encompassing burqa, walking around freely. At the local bazaar, however, there are none. Haji Hekmat insists there is no ban on them, though in a conservative society he says they generally wouldn't attend in any case. We are accompanied by the Taliban at all times, and the few local residents we speak to all profess their support for the group, and gratitude to them for improving security and decreasing crime. "When the government were in control, they used to jail our people and demand bribes to free them," says one elderly man. "Our people suffered a lot, now we are happy with the situation." The Taliban's ultra-conservative values do clash less with those in more rural areas, but many, particularly in the cities, fear they want to resurrect the brutal Islamic Emirate of the 1990s, undercutting freedoms that many young people have grown up with over the past two decades. One local resident spoke to us later, on condition of anonymity, and told us the Taliban were far stricter than they admitted in our interviews. He described villagers being slapped or beaten for shaving their beards, or having stereos smashed for listening to music. "People have no choice but to do what they say," he told the BBC, "even over minor issues they get physical. People are scared." Haji Hekmat was part of the Taliban in the 1990s. While the younger fighters milling around us are happy snapping photos and selfies, he initially moves to cover his face with his turban when he sees our camera. "Old habits," he says with a grin, before later allowing us to film his face. Under the Taliban's old regime, photography was banned. Did they make mistakes when in power, I ask him? Would they behave in the same way again now? "The Taliban before and the Taliban now are the same. So comparing that time and now - nothing has changed," says Haji Hekmat. "But," he adds, "there are changes in personnel of course. Some people are harsher and some are calmer. That's normal." The Taliban have appeared to be deliberately vague about what they mean by the "Islamic government" they want to create. Some analysts see that as a deliberate attempt to avoid internal frictions between hardline and more moderate elements. Can they both accommodate those with different views and not alienate their own base? Coming into power could prove their biggest test. As we eat a lunch of chicken and rice, we hear the rumble of at least four separate airstrikes in the distance. Haji Hekmat is unperturbed. "It's far away, don't worry," he says. Airpower, particularly that provided by the Americans, has been crucial over the years in holding back the Taliban's advance. The US already drastically cut back its military operations after signing an agreement with the Taliban last year, and many fear that following their withdrawal the Taliban will be placed to launch a military takeover of the country. Haji Hekmat derides the Afghan government, or "Kabul administration" as the Taliban refer to it, as corrupt and un-Islamic. It's hard to see how men like him will reconcile with others in the country, unless it's on their own terms. "This is jihad," he says, "it is worship. We don't do it for power but for Allah and His law. To bring Sharia to this country. Whoever stands against us we will fight against them."

উত্তরের মাজার-এ-শরীফ শহর থেকে তালেবান নিয়ন্ত্রিত এলাকায় গাড়িতে পৌঁছতে সময় লাগে মাত্র ৩০ মিনিটের মত। বোমা বিস্ফোরণে রাস্তার ওপর তৈরি বড় বড় গভীর গর্ত পেরিয়ে তালেবান নিয়ন্ত্রিত বালখ্ জেলায় পৌঁছতে আমাদের স্বাগত জানালেন হাজি হেখমাত, ঐ এলাকায় তালেবানের ছায়া মেয়র।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

He dismissed a claim by Yemen's Iran-backed Houthi rebels that they had attacked the two facilities, run by state-owned company Aramco. Iran's foreign minister accused Mr Pompeo of "deceit". Saudi Arabia's energy minister said the strikes had reduced crude oil production by 5.7 million barrels a day - about half the kingdom's output. Correspondents say they could have a significant impact on world oil prices. The main Saudi stock exchange plummeted 3% on opening on Sunday, before recovering. Saturday's drone attacks hit Abqaiq, site of Aramco's largest oil processing plant, and the Khurais oilfield. The Saudis lead a Western-backed military coalition supporting Yemen's government, in opposition to the Houthi rebel movement. The attacks also come against a backdrop of continuing tension between the US and Iran, following US President Donald Trump's abandonment of a deal limiting Iran's nuclear activities and reinstatement of sanctions. What did Mike Pompeo say? In a tweet, he said there was "no evidence" the drones came from Yemen. He described the attack as "an unprecedented attack on the world's energy supply". "We call on all nations to publicly and unequivocally condemn Iran's attacks," Mr Pompeo added. The US would work with its allies to ensure energy markets remained well supplied and "Iran is held accountable for its aggression", he added. The White House said Mr Trump had offered US support to help Saudi Arabia defend itself. What is behind his allegations? Mr Pompeo provided no specific evidence to back up his accusations. They do follow a pattern of the US blaming Iran for recent attacks involving oil supplies in the region. The US said Iran was behind attacks on two oil tankers in the Gulf in June and July, as well as on another four in May. Tehran rejected the accusations in both cases. If the rebels had deployed the drones from Yemen, they would have to have flown hundreds of miles. One element of the Houthi statement on the attacks did however thank "co-operation with the honourable people inside the kingdom". The Wall Street Journal has said experts are investigating whether the attacks could have been carried out from the north - either by Iran or its Shia allies in Iraq - using cruise missiles rather than drones. If so, it seems unlikely they would have escaped detection. The Washington Post said the US government believed that 15 buildings at Abqaiq had been damaged on the west-northwest sides, not the southern sides facing Yemen. A 2018 UN report concluded that the Houthis' Qatef-1 suicide drone was "virtually identical" to Iran's Ababil-T. The Ababil-T is considered a low-tech drone with a maximum range of about 150km (93 miles). The distance from the nearest point of the Saudi Arabia-Yemen border to the closest target - Khurais - is about 770km. On Sunday, Iraq denied its territory had been used to launch the attacks. How has Iran responded? Foreign Minister Javad Zarif replied on Twitter, saying that "having failed at max pressure, Sec Pompeo's turning to max deceit". He was referring to the Trump administration's stated "maximum pressure campaign" targeting the Iranian regime with sanctions. Mr Zarif said that "blaming Iran won't end the disaster" in Yemen. Earlier, foreign ministry spokesman Abbas Mousavi said that Mr Pompeo's "blind accusations and remarks are incomprehensible and meaningless". Mr Mousavi said Saudi Arabia had "repeatedly violated Yemen" and that the "Yemenis have shown resistance to aggression". What has Saudi Arabia said? It has provided very little information from the two sites. A spokesman for the Saudi-led military coalition fighting in Yemen said investigations were still ongoing to determine who had carried them out. Officials have said there were no casualties. Saudi state media reported that Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman had told President Trump in a telephone conversation that the kingdom was "willing and able to confront and deal with this terrorist aggression". The Tadawul All-Shares Index lost 200 points when it opened on Sunday, but had checked the 3% fall to about a 1% loss by midday. What was in the Houthi statement? A military spokesman said the rebels had deployed 10 drones in the attacks. Yahya Sarea told al-Masirah TV, owned by the Houthi movement and based in Beirut, that operations against Saudi targets would "only grow wider and will be more painful than before, so long as their aggression and blockade continues". He said Saturday's attack was one of the biggest operations the Houthi forces had undertaken inside Saudi Arabia. Yemen has been at war since 2015, when President Abdrabbuh Mansour Hadi was forced to flee the capital Sanaa by the Houthis. Saudi Arabia backs President Hadi, and has led a coalition of regional countries against the rebels. The coalition launches air strikes almost every day, while the Houthis often fire missiles into Saudi Arabia. Houthi fighters were blamed for drone attacks on the Shaybah natural gas liquefaction facility last month, and on other oil facilities in May. Production cut could hit world prices Analysis by BBC business correspondent Katie Prescott Aramco is not only the world's biggest oil producer, it is also one of the world's most profitable businesses. The Khurais oilfield produces about 1% of the world's oil, and Abqaiq is the company's largest facility - with the capacity to process 7% of the global supply. Even a brief or partial disruption could affect the company, and the oil supply, given their size. There was a sharp intake of breath as analysts I spoke to digested the information that reports suggest that half of Saudi Arabia's oil production could have been knocked offline by these attacks. The country produces 10% of the world's crude oil. Cutting this in half could have a significant effect on the oil price come Monday when markets open. The success of the drone strike shows the vulnerability of Aramco's infrastructure, at a time when it is trying to show itself in its best light while gearing up to float on the stock market. And it raises concerns that escalating tensions in the region could pose a broader risk to oil, potentially threatening the fifth of the world's supply that goes through the critical Strait of Hormuz.

সৌদি আরবের তেল শোধনাগারে শনিবারের চালকবিহীন বিমান বা ড্রোন হামলার জন্য ইরানকে দায়ী করলেন মার্কিন পররাষ্ট্রমন্ত্রী মাইক পম্পেও।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

By Imran Rahman-JonesNewsbeat reporter That's not an especially well-known name - the President's adviser is a 31-year-old former model who likes to keep under the radar. Hope Hicks replaced Anthony Scaramucci as the President's communications director when he was fired after 10 days in 2017. She didn't have a background in politics, but had been connected to the Trump family for the preceding five years. So how did someone with such a low profile get one of the most important jobs in the US government? She came to Donald through Ivanka Trump Hope Hicks started her career in public relations, where Ivanka Trump's fashion company was one of her clients. Having modelled for the likes of Ralph Lauren - as well as appearing on the cover of a Gossip Girl spin-off book - she modelled some of Ivanka's clothes as part of her job. Working with the eldest daughter of Donald Trump meant Hope Hicks eventually caught the eye of the US president. He personally hand-picked her in October 2014 to work in PR for his real estate company. Donald Trump later told GQ that he thought "Hope was outstanding". She ended up in politics by accident In early 2015, she was thrust into the political sphere when she went with Donald Trump on a trip, which turned out to be the first part of his presidential campaign. She even helped run his Twitter account, noting down what he wanted to say and ordering others in the Trump organisation to tweet them. When the campaign got more serious, she had to decide between becoming a full-time political press secretary or going back to work for the Trump real estate company. She chose the latter. But again, Donald Trump personally asked her to stay on his political team. She accepted. She's kept a low profile throughout Hope Hicks rarely gives interviews herself, although she has been there when Donald Trump is interviewed by journalists. And when she started working on the presidential campaign, she deleted her Twitter account. Her Instagram profile is private. This quote which her former lacrosse coach gave to the Washington Post sums up her attitude well. "[Hicks] preferred to have assists. She was the ultimate team player and competitor." When Donald Trump became president, he created a new role for Hope Hicks: White House director of strategic communications. Her way of dealing with the president is not to try and change him, but to simply enable him in what he wants to do. According to a Politico article, Hope Hicks is one of the few true insiders in the Trump family, even having Shabbat dinners (special meals in the Jewish faith) with Ivanka Trump and Jared Kushner. She was also one of the few people who got to meet the Pope with Donald Trump in May 2017. Out of the White House... and back in again Hope Hicks resigned in February 2018, one day after she testified to Congress that she occasionally told white lies on Mr Trump's behalf. In the interim she worked for Fox News, but returned to the President's team earlier this year. According to BBC White House reporter Tara McKelvey at the time, the reason was simple. "she said little, yet seemed to know the president's secrets". Follow Newsbeat on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter and YouTube. Listen to Newsbeat live at 12:45 and 17:45 weekdays - or listen back here.

কাছের একজন সহকারী হোপ হিকস করোনাভাইরাস রোগী শনাক্ত হওয়ার পর যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের প্রেসিডেন্ট ডোনাল্ড ট্রাম্প এবং ফার্স্ট লেডিও কোভিড-১৯ পজিটিভ শনাক্ত হয়েছেন।

প্রদত্ত ইংরেজি অনুচ্ছেদের বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ কি?

Polling to elect a new Lok Sabha, or lower house, will be held from 7 April to 12 May. Votes will be counted on 16 May. With some 814 million eligible voters, India's election will be the largest the world has seen. The ruling Congress party and the main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party will be battling a host of smaller parties. Leaders of 11 regional parties have formed a Third Front against the Congress and the BJP. A new anti-corruption Aam Aadmi (Common Man's) Party (AAP), which made a spectacular debut in recent polls in the capital Delhi, will also contest the elections. If no single party wins a clear majority, smaller parties could play a crucial role.it one of the most exciting elections India has seen for years India's lower house has 543 elected seats and any party or a coalition needs a minimum of 272 MPs to form a government. New option The dates on which polling will be held are 7 April, 9 April, 10 April, 12 April, 17 April, 24 April, 30 April, 7 May and 12 May. Some states will hold polls in several phases. The new parliament has to be constituted by 31 May. Chief Election Commissioner VS Sampath said school examination schedules, weather and crop harvesting seasons had been taken into account in deciding the polling dates. Some 814 million voters - 100 million more than the last elections in 2009 - are eligible to vote at 930,000 polling stations, up from 830,000 polling stations in 2009. Electronic voting machines will be used and will contain a None of the Above (Nota) button, an option for voters who do not want to cast their ballot for any of the candidates. Elections in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar will take place in six phases. Kashmir and West Bengal will vote in five phases each. Uttar Pradesh is India's most populous states and one of its largest. Elections in the capital, Delhi, will be held on 10 April. The election pits the governing Congress party-led coalition against the opposition BJP and its allies. The BJP is being led by the charismatic and controversial Hindu nationalist leader, Narendra Modi. Mr Modi, who is ahead in all the pre-poll surveys, is the leader of Gujarat state which witnessed one of India's worst anti-Muslim riots in 2002. The incumbent Prime Minister, Manmohan Singh, is stepping down and Congress is being led by Rahul Gandhi, the latest member of India's influential Nehru-Gandhi dynasty. Correspondents say a number of smaller regional parties are also in the running and some of them could play important roles if neither of the main party coalitions secures a majority in the elections. Related Internet Links India Election Commission

ভারতে আগামী ১১ এপ্রিল থেকে ১৯ মে পর্যন্ত মোট সাত দফায় দেশের আগামী সাধারণ নির্বাচন অনুষ্ঠিত হবে বলে এদিন ঘোষণা করা হয়েছে। নির্বাচনের ফল গণনা করা হবে ২৩ মে, বৃহস্পতিবার।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

This latest account of what happened in Turkey on 2 October differs from previous statements presented by Saudi officials. It is also in conflict with those by Turkish officials who claim they have video and audio proof that Khashoggi, a prominent critic of the Saudi government, was murdered by a 15-strong team who arrived and departed on the same day. So how has Saudi Arabia changed its story since Khashoggi's disappearance was first reported? 3 October: 'He left the consulate alive' Khashoggi, who had been living in self-imposed exile in the US, was reported missing hours after he entered the Saudi consulate to obtain paperwork that would allow him to marry his Turkish fiancée. The next day a Saudi official insisted that Khashoggi had left shortly after getting the paperwork and that he was "not in the consulate nor in Saudi custody". The consulate later issued a statement saying it was working with Turkish authorities "to uncover the circumstances" of his disappearance. 8 October: 'Reports of death false and baseless' Crown Prince Mohammed's brother and the Saudi ambassador to the US, Prince Khaled bin Salman, published a letter on 8 October insisting that reports about Khashoggi's death were "completely false and baseless". "Jamal is a Saudi citizen who went missing after leaving the consulate," he wrote. "After Turkish authorities and the media were allowed to inspect the consulate building in its entirety, the accusations changed to the outrageous claim that he was murdered, in the consulate, during business hours, and with dozens of staff and visitors in the building," he said, adding: "I don't know who is behind these claims, or their intentions, nor do I care frankly." 15 October: Possibility of 'rogue killers' Following a telephone conversation between Saudi Arabia's King Salman and Donald Trump, the US president told reporters that the king had denied all knowledge of Khashoggi's disappearance. Mr Trump described the king's denial as "very, very strong". "It sounded to me like maybe these could have been rogue killers," Mr Trump said, adding: "Who knows?" 20 October: 'A brawl and a fist fight' On 20 October, the Saudi government issued a press release following "preliminary investigations" by the Saudi public prosecution office. It said the investigations had "revealed that the discussions that took place between [Khashoggi] and the persons who met him... at the Saudi consulate in Istanbul led to a brawl and a fist fight". This, it added, led to Khashoggi's death. A second official statement on the same day suggested that "a fight and a quarrel" had occurred between the journalist and "some" of those with him at the consulate, resulting in his "death and their attempt to conceal what had happened". 21 October: 'Murder was a mistake' In an interview with Fox News, Saudi Foreign Minister Adel al-Jubeir referred to Khashoggi's reported death as "murder" for the first time. "We are determined to find out all the facts and we are determined to punish those who are responsible for this murder," he said. "The individuals who did this, did this outside the scope of their authority," he said. "Even the senior leadership of our intelligence service was not aware of this," he added, calling it a "rogue operation". "There obviously was a tremendous mistake made, and what compounded the mistake was the attempt to try to cover up."

সৌদি আরবের সরকারি কৌঁসুলি বলছেন, ইস্তাম্বুলের কনস্যুলেটের ভেতর সাংবাদিক জামাল খাসোগজিকে হত্যার নির্দেশ দিয়েছিলেন একজন গোয়েন্দা কর্মকর্তা, যুবরাজ মোহাম্মদ বিন সালমান নন।

এই ইংরেজি লেখাটির বাংলা সারাংশ প্রদান কর।

A total of 1.2 million people reported their activity levels for a month and rated their mental wellbeing. People who exercised had 1.5 fewer "bad days" a month than non-exercisers, the study found. Team sports, cycling and aerobics had the greatest positive impact. All types of activity were found to improve mental health no matter people's age or gender, including doing the housework and looking after the children. The study, published in The Lancet Psychiatry Journal, is the largest of its kind to date but it cannot confirm that physical activity is the cause of improved mental health. Previous research into the effects of exercise on mental health have thrown up mixed results, and some studies suggest that lack of activity could lead to poor mental health as well as being a symptom of it. Exercise is already known to reduce the risk of heart disease, stroke and diabetes. Adults taking part in the study said they experienced on average 3.4 days of poor mental health each month. For those who were physically active, this reduced to only two days. Among people who had been diagnosed previously with depression, exercise appeared to have a larger effect, resulting in seven days of poor mental health a month compared with nearly 11 days for those who did no exercise. How often and for how long people were active was also important. Being active for 30 to 60 minutes every second day came out as the optimal routine. But there could be such a thing as doing too much exercise, the study concluded. Dr Adam Chekroud, study author and assistant professor of psychiatry at Yale University, said: "Previously, people have believed that the more exercise you do, the better your mental health, but our study suggests that this is not the case. "Doing exercise more than 23 times a month, or exercising for longer than 90-minute sessions is associated with worse mental health." He said the positive impact of team sports suggested that social sports activities could reduce isolation and be good for resilience, while also reducing depression. Complicated link The findings back up government guidelines recommending that people should do 150 minutes of physical activity per week. But the study has some limitations. It is based on self-reporting, which is not always accurate, and there is no way of measuring physical activity. Dr Dean Burnett, neuroscientist and honorary research associate, from the school of psychology at Cardiff University, said the link between exercise and mental health had been difficult to pin down but this large study "strongly suggests that there is a definite association between the two". "However, the nature of the study means it's difficult to say more than that with any real certainty," he said. Prof Stephen Lawrie, head of psychiatry at the University of Edinburgh, said it indicated that social and "mindful" exercise is particularly good for mental health - but not if it is overdone. "I suspect we all know people who seem 'addicted' to exercise and if this starts to impact on other aspects of life - like foregoing social activities because one has to be up at the crack of dawn to run several miles - it might actually be bad for people," he added.

যুক্তরাষ্ট্রের সাম্প্রতিক এক গবেষণায় উঠে আসে, দৈনিক অন্তত ৪৫ মিনিট করে সপ্তাহে তিন থেকে পাঁচবার শরীরচর্চা মানসিক সমস্যার সমাধানে কার্যকরী ভূমিকা রাখতে পারে - তবে এর চেয়ে বেশী ব্যায়াম করলে তা মানসিক স্বাস্থ্যের জন্য উপকারী হবে, এমন নয়।

নিচের ইংরেজি লেখাটির একটি বাংলা সারসংক্ষেপ লিখুন

By M Ilyas KhanBBC News, Islamabad It's the first time Shakil Afridi's case has been heard in open court. The judge adjourned the case until 22 October at the request of prosecutors. Dr Afridi's role was a huge embarrassment for Pakistan. He argues he was denied a fair trial. He was never formally charged for his role in the 2011 operation to hunt down and kill the world's most-wanted man. Dr Afridi's imprisonment caused outrage and saw the US cut federal aid to Pakistan by $33m (£27m) - $1m for every year of his jail sentence. in the Peshawar High Court US President Donald Trump promised in his 2016 election campaign that he would get Dr Afridi released in "two minutes" if elected - but that never happened. While the doctor is considered a hero in the US, in Pakistan he is seen by many as a traitor who brought humiliation to the country - US Navy Seals had been able to fly in, kill the 9/11 attacks mastermind and get away with his body without even being challenged, far less stopped. And it raised uncomfortable questions about whether Pakistan's military, which runs its security policy, was aware Bin Laden was in the country. Pakistan remains an uneasy partner to this day in the US-led fight against militant Islam. Who is Shakil Afridi? Dr Afridi was the top medic in Khyber tribal district and as head of health services had overseen a number of US-funded vaccination programmes. As a government employee, he set up a similar hepatitis B vaccination programme, including in the garrison town of Abbottabad, where it turned out Bin Laden was living right under the noses of the military. The US intelligence plan was to obtain a blood sample from one of the children living in the Abbottabad compound, so that DNA tests could determine whether or not they were relatives of Bin Laden. It's thought that one of Dr Afridi's staff visited the compound and collected blood - but it's not known whether this proved central to the Americans' success in locating their target. Dr Afridi was taken into custody on 23 May 2011, 20 days after Bin Laden was killed. He is thought to have been in his late forties at the time. Little is known about his personal life, other than that he came from a humble background and graduated from Khyber Medical College in 1990. His family have been living in hiding since his arrest, fearing militant attacks. His wife is an educationalist from Abbottabad who was principal of a government school before they went into hiding. The couple have three children - two boys and a girl, at least two of them now adults. In January 2012, US officials publicly admitted that Dr Afridi had worked for US intelligence. But it's far from clear how much he knew about his role for the CIA. He said nothing to this effect during his deposition at the Abbottabad Commission into the killing. Dr Afridi did not know who the target of the operation was when the CIA recruited him, according to a Pakistani investigation. What was he convicted of? Although initially accused of treason, Dr Afridi was ultimately jailed in May 2012, having been found guilty of funding Lashkar-e-Islam, a banned militant group that is now defunct. He was sentenced to 33 years in prison for alleged links to the group by a tribal court, although this was later reduced to 23 years on appeal. Dr Afridi was also accused of offering emergency medical aid to its fighters and allowing the group to hold meetings in the government hospital he headed. His family have vehemently denied these charges and his lawyers say the only money he ever paid the group was a ransom of 1m Pakistani rupees (£5,200; $6,375) to secure his release after they kidnapped him in 2008. From his jail cell in 2012 he reportedly told Fox News that he had been kidnapped and tortured by Pakistani intelligence. A year later he managed to smuggle a hand-written letter to his lawyers, saying he'd been denied justice. So, why wasn't he charged with helping the US? That's not very clear, but the Bin Laden affair was a huge blow for Pakistan. Although officials were furious with what they viewed as a violation of sovereignty, the intelligence services had to publicly admit they had no idea that the founder and leader of al-Qaeda had been living there in secret, in a three-storey building behind high walls, for several years. The White House's then-counter-terrorism chief, John Brennan, said at the time that it was "inconceivable that Bin Laden did not have a support system" in Pakistan, an accusation rejected by Islamabad. But to charge Dr Afridi for his role in the US operation would have meant even more bad publicity. Why is his case being heard in the courts only now? So far, the legal process has taken place under British-era Frontier Crimes Regulations, which governed the semi-autonomous Federally Administered Tribal Areas (Fata) along the border with Afghanistan until last year. Tribal courts were presided over by administrative officials, aided by a council of largely pliable tribal elders, and were not bound to follow due process. That was seen as a convenient way of dealing with Dr Afridi, largely out of public sight. But the merger of the tribal areas with adjoining Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province last year means cases have been moved to regular Pakistani courts. At the next hearing he could have his sentence cut or it could be increased, as prosecutors will argue. Since he was moved last year from a Peshawar jail to one in Punjab, there's even been talk that he could be released, possibly in a prisoner swap with Aafia Siddiqui, an alleged al-Qaeda operative currently jailed in the US.

পাকিস্তানের একজন ডাক্তার, যিনি আল কায়েদা নেতা ওসামা বিন লাদেনকে খুঁজে বের করতে যুক্তরাষ্ট্রকে সাহায্য করেছিলেন, তার কারাদণ্ডের আদেশের বিরুদ্ধে আপিল করেছেন।